General Chemistry

Principles and Modern Applications

Petrucci Harwood Herring
8th Edition

Chapter 1: MatterIts Properties and

Measurement
Philip Dutton
University of Windsor, Canada
Prentice-Hall 2002

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Contents

Physical properties and states of matter

Systme International Units
Uncertainty and significant figures
Dimensional analysis
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/chapter1/deluxe.html

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Properties of Matter

Matter:

Occupies space, has mass and inertia

Composition: Parts or components

ex. H2O, 11.9% H and 88.81% O
Properties:

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Distinguishing features
physical and chemical properties

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States of Matter

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Classification of Matter

1_15

Matter
(materials)

Physical processes
Substances

Mixtures

Chemical
Elements

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reactions

Compounds

Homogeneous
mixtures
(solutions)

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Heterogeneous
mixtures

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Separations

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Separating Mixtures
Chromatography
Chromatography
1_17

Substances to
be separated
dissolved in liquid

mixture

Pure
liquid

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Significant Figures
Count from left from
first non-zero digit.
Number
6.29 g
0.00348 g
9.0
1.0 10-8
100 eggs
100 g
= 3.14159
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Significant
Figures
3
3
2
2
infinit
ebad
notation
various

Adding and subtracting.

Use the number of decimal
places in the number with the
fewest decimal places.
1.14
0.6
11.676
13.416 13.4

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Significant figures
Multiplying and dividing.

Rounding Off

Use the fewest significant

figures.

3rd digit is increased if

4th digit 5
Report to 3 significant.figures.

0.01208 0.236
= 0.512
= 5.12 10-3
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10.235
12.4590
19.75
15.651

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10.2
12.5
19.8
15.7

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Units
S.I. Units

Other Common Units

Length

metre, m

Length

Angstrom, , 10-8 cm

Mass

Kilogram, kg

Volume

Litre, L, 10-3 m3

Time

second, s

Energy

Calorie, cal, 4.184 J

Temperature Kelvin, K
Quantity

Mole, 6.0221023 mol-1

Pressure
1 Atm = 1.064 x 102 kPa
1 Atm = 760 mm Hg

Derived Quantities
Force

Newton, kg m s-2

Pressure

Pascal, kg m-1 s-2

Eenergy

Joule, kg m2 s-2

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Temperature

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Relative Temperatures

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Volume

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Density

= m/V
m=VV=m/
g/mL
Mass and volume are extensive properties
Density is an intensive property
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Conversion
What is the mass of a cube of osmium that is 1.25
inches on each side?
Have volume, need density

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= 22.48g/cm3

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Wrong units

The Gimli Glider, Q86, p30

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Uncertainties
Systematic errors.
Thermometer constantly 2C too low.

Random errors
Limitation in reading a scale.

Precision
Reproducibility of a measurement.

Accuracy
How close to the real value.
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End of Chapter Questions

1, 3, 5, 12, 14, 17,

18, 20, 30, 41, 49,
50, 61, 72, 74, 79

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