CSE 101: Introduction

to Computer Studies
Muzhtaba Tawkeer Islam
University of Liberal Arts, Bangladesh (ULAB)

Lets Get These Out of the

Way
O Class attendance
O Facebook page for the class:

CSE 101 section 5 (Sun & Tue 2:40-4pm)

O Your class reps are Dilshad Jahan Rupa and Mashruzzaman Shanto.
O Dropbox link
O Change of office hours
O My cell number
O Ctrl+Alt+Del
O ID number for both username and password; after first login, change

your password

Ctrl+Alt+Del

Inside a Computer
System
O A computer system has 4 parts:
O Hardware
O Software
O Data
O User

O Definitions:
O Hardware: The physical components of a computer system are

called hardware.
O Software: Software is a set of instructions that directs a

computers processor to perform specific tasks.

O Data: Data are information is raw or unorganized form.
O User: A user is a computer operator

Information Processing Cycle

O The information processing cycle is a

process with a set of steps the computer

follows to receive data, process the data
according to instructions from a program,
display the resulting information to the user,
and store the results.
O The information processing cycle has 4

parts:
O Input
O Processing
O Output
O Storage

Hardware
O A computers hardware devices

belong to one of 4 categories:

O Processor
O Memory
O Input and output (I/O)
O Storage

Examples of Computer
Hardware

Processing Devices
O The procedure that transforms raw data into useful

information is called processing.

O Processing requires two components:
O Processor
O Memory

O Processor: A processor is the logic circuitry that responds to

and processes the basic instructions that drive a computer.

O Some common processor brands are Intel, AMD, and ARM.

Specific examples include Intels Core i7, Core i5, and Core i3
series for laptops as well as AMDs Athlon Neo series for
notebooks.

Memory Devices
O Memory is one or more sets of chips that store data and/or

program instructions, either temporarily or permanently.

O Two important types of memory:
O Random Access Memory (RAM)
O Read-Only Memory (ROM)

O RAM
O Holds data and program instructions
O Read/write memory
O Voltatile
O Speed of task completion

O ROM
O Holds instructions the computer needs to operate
O Non-volatile memory

Input and Output

Devices
O Input devices accept data and

instructions from the user or from

another computer system.
O Output devices present processed

data to the user.

O Can a single device be both an input

device and an output device?

Input and Output Devices

contd

Storage Devices
O Storage devices are useful in holding data permanently when data are not being used.
O There is more room available in storage than in memory.
O Contents are retained in storage after power off, but data in memory disappear when the

computer is shut down.

O Storage devices are slower than memory chips.
O Memory is more expensive.
O Two important types of storage:
O Magnetic storage
O Optical storage

O Read/write heads are used to read data from a magnetic disk or write data onto the disk.
O Hard drives and floppy diskettes are examples of magnetic storage.
O Optical disks are devices that use lasers to read data from or write data to their reflective

surfaces.
O A CD-ROM drive is an example of an optical storage device.

Software
O Software

is any set of machine-readable instructions that

directs a computers processor to perform specific operations.

OA

set of instructions that drives a computer to perform

specific tasks is called a program.

O Two

types of software:

O System software
O Application software

O System

software is any program that controls the

computers hardware or that can be used to make the
computer run more efficiently.

Software contd
O Three types of system software:
O An operating system tells the computer

how to use its own components.

O A network operating system allows
computers to communicate and share
data across a network while controlling
network operations and overseeing the
networks security
O A utility is a program that makes the
computer system easier to use or perform
highly specialized functions.

Software contd
O Application software tells the computer how to accomplish

specific tasks, such as word processing or drawing, for the

user.
O Some important application program categories:
O Word processing software
O Spreadsheets
O Database management software
O Presentation programs
O Graphics programs
O Multimedia applications
O Entertainment & education software
O Web design tools & web browsers
O Games

Software contd

Computer Data
O Data is any piece of fact that, taken

by itself, may not make sense to a

person. It may mean individual or
isolated figures, statistics, letters of
the alphabet, numbers, bits and
bytes in computers etc.
O Data examples: 0, 2, 3, 7, a, D, Z, B,

00011101

Computer Users
O A computer user is a person who employs a computer to do useful work.
O Users role:
O Setting up the system
O Installing software
O Running programs
O Managing files
O Maintaining the system

O A userless computer is a computer that requires no human interaction

once it has been programmed, installed, and started up.

O Examples of userless computers include:
O Modern cars
O Washers and dryers
O Security systems
O Navigation systems
O Communications systems