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Introduction
Snowy owls exhibit adaptations for life in their
frozen, barren habit, including
feathers that provide insulation in subzero weather
and
keen vision and acute hearing that help owls locate
prey.
Figure 1.0-1
Figure 1.1-0
(1) Order
(5) Regulation
(2) Reproduction
(4) Energy
processing
Figure 1.1-1
Order
Figure 1.1-2
Reproduction
Figure 1.1-3
Figure 1.1-4
Energy processing
Figure 1.1-5
Regulation
Figure 1.1-6
Response to the
environment
Figure 1.1-7
Evolutionary adaptation
Figure 1.2-0
Biosphere
Florida
Ecosystem
Florida
Everglades
Community
All organisms in this
wetland ecosystem
Population
All alligators living
in the wetlands
Organism
an American alligator
Nerve
Brain
Spinal
cord
Organ system
Nervous system
Organ
Brain
Tissue
Nervous tissue
Atom
Cell
Nerve cell
Nucleus
Organelle
Nucleus
Molecule
DNA
Figure 1.2-1
Biosphere
Florida
Ecosystem
Florida
Everglades
Community
All organisms in this
wetland ecosystem
Population
All alligators living
in the wetlands
Organism
an American alligator
Figure 1.2-2
Organism
an American alligator
Nerve
Spinal
cord
Brain
Organ system
Nervous system
Organ
Brain
Tissue
Nervous tissue
Cell
Nerve cell
Atom
Nucleus
Organelle
Nucleus
Molecule
DNA
Figure 1.2-3
Biosphere
Figure 1.2-4
Community:
All the organisms in this
wetland ecosystem
Figure 1.2-5
Population:
All alligators living in
the wetlands
Figure 1.2-6
Atom
Molecule: DNA
2. Eukaryotic cells
are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists and
are subdivided by membranes into various functional
compartments, or organelles, including a nucleus
that houses the DNA.
2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.3
Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
DNA
(no nucleus)
Membrane
Organelles
Nucleus
(membraneenclosed)
DNA (throughout
nucleus)
In most ecosystems,
plants are the producers that provide the food,
consumers eat plants and other animals, and
decomposers act as recyclers, changing complex
matter into simpler chemicals that plants can
absorb and use.
2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 1.4-0
ENERGY FLOW
Sun
Inflow of
light energy
Outflow of
heat
Consumers
(animals)
Producers
(plants)
Leaves take up
CO2 from air; roots
absorb H2O and
minerals from soil
2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chemical energy
in food
Decomposers such
as worms, fungi,
and bacteria return
chemicals to soil
Figure 1.4-1
ENERGY FLOW
Sun
Inflow of
light energy
Outflow of
heat
Consumers
(animals)
Producers
(plants)
Leaves take up
CO2 from air; roots
absorb H2O and
minerals from soil
2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chemical energy
in food
Decomposers such
as worms, fungi,
and bacteria return
chemicals to soil
Figure 1.4-2
Figure 1.5-0
Cell
Nucleus
DNA
C
C
G
A
A
T
C
G
A
T
A
C
G
T
T
T
Figure 1.5-1
Cell
Nucleus
DNA
C
C
G
G
A
A
Figure 1.5-2
G
A
T
A
C
G
A
G
T
T
T
Figure 1.6-0
Domain Bacteria
Domain Eukarya
Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Protists
(multiple kingdoms)
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Animalia
Archaea
Figure 1.6-1
Domain Bacteria
Bacteria
Figure 1.6-2
Domain Archaea
Archaea
Figure 1.6-3
Domain Eukarya
Protists
(multiple kingdoms)
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Animalia
Figure 1.6-4
Protists
(multiple kingdoms)
Figure 1.6-5
Kingdom Plantae
Figure 1.6-6
Kingdom Fungi
Figure 1.6-7
Kingdom Animalia
Figure 1.7a
Figure 1.7b
Figure 1.7c-0
Figure 1.7c-1
Figure 1.7c-2
Figure 1.7c-3
2.
Figure 1.7d-1
inherited traits.
Figure 1.7d-2
inherited traits.
2 Elimination of
Figure 1.7d-3
inherited traits.
2 Elimination of
3 Increasing frequency
Figure 1.7e-0
Deinotherium
Mammut
Platybelodon
Stegodon
Mammuthus
Elephas
maximus
(Asia)
Loxodonta
africana
(Africa)
Loxodonta cyclotis
(Africa)
34
24
Millions of
years ago
2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
5.5 2 104 0
Years
ago
Figure 1.7e-1
Deinotherium
Mammut
Platybelodon
Stegodon
34
24
Millions of
years ago
2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
5.5 2 104 0
Years
ago
Figure 1.7e-2
Mammuthus
Elephas
maximus
(Asia)
Loxodonta
africana
(Africa)
Loxodonta cyclotis
(Africa)
34
24
Millions of
years ago
2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
5.5 2 104 0
Years
ago
Figure 1.8-1
Observation:
Flashlight doesnt work.
Question:
Why doesnt the
flashlight work?
Hypothesis #1:
Batteries are dead.
Hypothesis #2:
Bulb is burned out.
Figure 1.8-2
Observation:
Flashlight doesnt work.
Question:
Why doesnt the
flashlight work?
Hypothesis #1:
Batteries are dead.
Hypothesis #2:
Bulb is burned out.
Prediction:
Replacing batteries
will fix problem.
Prediction:
Replacing bulb
will fix problem.
Test of prediction:
Replace batteries.
Test of prediction:
Replace bulb.
Figure 1.8-3
Observation:
Flashlight doesnt work.
Question:
Why doesnt the
flashlight work?
Hypothesis #1:
Batteries are dead.
Hypothesis #2:
Bulb is burned out.
Prediction:
Replacing batteries
will fix problem.
Prediction:
Replacing bulb
will fix problem.
Test of prediction:
Replace batteries.
Test of prediction:
Replace bulb.
Results:
Flashlight doesnt work.
Hypothesis is contradicted.
Results:
Flashlight works.
Hypothesis is supported.
Figure 1.9-0
Beach population
Inland population
Figure 1.9-1
Beach population
Figure 1.9-2
Inland population
Table 1.9
Figure 1.10
Figure 1.UN01
ENERGY FLOW
Light
Heat
Consumer
Producers
Chemical
energy
Figure 1.UN02
Figure 1.UN03
Observations
Inferences
Heritable
variations
Natural selection:
Unequal reproductive
success leads to
evolution of adaptations
in populations.
Overproduction
of offspring
Figure 1.UN04
Biology
is the study of
(a)
has changed
through the process of
(b)
mechanism is
accounts
for
depends on
DNA
(genetic code)
(c)
leads to
codes for
(e)
is evidence of
(d)
diversity of life
seen in
accounts
for
seen in
variations in
cells as basic
units of life
seen in
common properties
of living organisms
Average time to
complete maze (min)
Figure 1.UN05
25
20
15
10
5
0
No reward
Food reward
3
4
Day