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Technical seminar on
Prepared by
Krishan Kumar
CONTENT
Introduction to HVAC
History of HVAC
Need of HVAC
Heating
Ventilation
Air conditioning process
Types of installation
Recent Development in HVAC
Advantages & Disadvantages
Applications of HVAC
Conclusion
WHAT IS HVAC?
Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
HISTORY OF HVAC
IN 1851 Dr John Gorrie was granted U.S. Patent for
refrigeration machine.
In 1880 refrigeration became available for industrial
purpose. Initially two major uses freezing meat for
transport and making ice.
Early 1990-new initiative to keep building cool for
comfort.
1902 cooling the New York stock exchange-one of
the first comfort cooling system.
HVAC COMPONENTS
Furnace
Heat exchanger
Ducts
Vents
Air Conditioning Unit
Evaporator Coils
Condensing Unit
FURNACE
HEATING
CONVECTION-Collective movement of groups
of molecules within fluids , through diffusion
CONDUCTION
-Transfer
of internal
energy by
microscopic diffusion and collisions of particles within a body
due to a temperature gradient.
RADIATION- Electromagnetic waves (EMR) travel through
a vacuum or through matter-containing media.
GENERATION OF HEAT
Heaters exist for various types of fuel, including solid
fuels, liquids, and gases.
Another type of heat source is electricity, typically
heating ribbons made of high resistance wire.
This principle is also used for baseboard heaters and
portable heaters.
DISTRIBUTION OF HEAT
VENTILATION
MECHANICAL OR FORCEDProvided by an air
handler and used to control indoor air
quality.
Excess humidity, odours, and contaminants can often be
controlled via dilution or replacement with outside air.
Kitchens and bathrooms
NATURALventilation of a building with outside air without using fans
or other mechanical systems.
-reduces spread of diseases- tuberculosis, common cold.
IMPROVED VENTILATION
EFFECTIVENESS
Effective mixing of ventilation air within space
Net positive pressure in the southeast; exhaust from
appropriate spaces
Provide clean outdoor air, avoid:
loading docks
exhaust vents
plumbing stacks
waste collection
stagnant water
COMPRESSOR
Heart of the system, belt driven pump that fastened to engine.
Responsible for compressing and transferring refrigerant.
Advantages:
Very high volumetric efficiency (almost 98%)
Lesser Noise and lighter compared to rotary compressor.
CONDENSER
Responsible for heat dissipation. The condenser is designed to
radiate heat.
Located in front of the radiator. Require good air flow when
system is in operation
Plate fin type heat exchanger with micro channels used.Very
compact and better heat transfer capability.
Hot compressed refrigerant vapour cools at constant pressure to
liquid.
EVAPORATOR
Heat absorption component.
Used remove heat from the inside of vehicle.
Secondary benefit - dehumidification.
Unconditioned air passes through a filter before entering the
evaporator.
Plate-fin evaporator with micro channels used.
TYPES OF INSTALLATION
Window unit and packaged terminal
Split system
Mini Split System -typically produce 9,00036,000
BTU(9,50038,000 KJ) per hour of cooling.
Central air conditioning
Portable units-easily transported inside a home or
office ,capacities of about 5,00060,000 BTU/h
(1,80018,000 W output)
HVAC SYSTEMS
Central Forced air system
Air handling system
Hot water system
Zone control system
Radiant heat
RADIANT HEAT
Supply heat directly to the floor, wall, or ceiling
Hot water pipes or electric heating element runs through
building component
Dependent on radiant heat
Heat transferred from hot surface to people and objects
RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN
HVAC
DuPont Introduces New HFO Refrigerants for
Commercial Refrigeration
Opteon XP40, Opteon XP44, and Opteon XP10.
Opteon XP40 is designed to effectively replace the refrigerant R-404A.
Opteon XP10 is a lower GWP replacement for R-134a for refrigeration
Replacements for R-22 are HFC-134a, R-410a,
R-410b
ADVANTAGES OF HVAC
1. Conserves Energy
2. Regulates Moisture
3. Air Quality Improvement.
DISADVANTAGES OF HVAC
Initial installation cost is high.
Primary disadvantage of ductless air
conditioners is their cost.
APPLICATIONS OF HVAC
Free cooling during moderate temperatures (chiller
bypass).
Thermal storageisolation of storage tank
Water source heat pump pre cooler with isolation
Heating potable hot water (instantaneous heater)
Waste heat recovery from condenser water
CONCLUSION
Proper system design accounts for building type and
size, layout, surrounding area, the nature of activities
taking place, the number of occupants, climate and
other factors, making each situation distinct.
Optimizing system operation.
Making and analysing certain key measurements is
essential for optimizing the HVAC system
performance.
REFERENCES
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC
2. www.saminfratech .com
3.http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/consumer/buildings/commercial/
hvac.htm
4. Ventilation and Infiltration chapter, Fundamentals volume
of the ASHRAE Handbook, ASHRAE, Inc., Atlanta, GA, 2005
THANK YOU