Created by :

Bagas Febryan Dwi Cahyo

Pebri Ika Ndani
EVE Batch 10

To Express events, situation, and some

activities that was finished or happened
before an other events, situation, and
some activities.
ONE PAST ACTION
happening before
AN OTHER PAST ACTION

Example
The train had gone when I arrived at
the station.

a. Both action 1 and action 2 are past

actions.
b. Action 1 happened before action
2.

Notes
a. We use past perfect tense
when necessary to indicate the
sequence of two past actions.
Example:
She had gone out when I got
home.

b. If the sequence is clear, the past

perfect is not always necessary.
Example:
She went out before I got home.

c. However, it is often used for clarity.

Example:
She had gone out before I got
home.

d. We often use it when the second action

is understood but not stated.
Example:
I hadnt realised (until you told
me).

(+) Subject + had + Verb III (Past Participle)

( - ) Subject + had + not + Verb III (Past Participle)
( ? ) Had + Subject + Verb III (Past Participle) ?
Example :
(+) They had left their house before you reached.

( - ) They had not left their house before you reached

( ? ) Had they left their house before you reached ?

Already
Almost
Ever
Never
Yet

:
:
:
:
:

Sudah / Telah.
Hampir.
Pernah.
Tidak Pernah.
Belum.

Combination
He came to my house
after I had already left.

Th
i
ta s a c
ke
ti o
fa
s
rth pla n
in
er
ce
th
e p b ac
as k
t.

Past
Perfect

Ali had
repaired his
car before he
went fishing.

Simple Past Tense + After + Past

Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense + Before+ Simple
Past Tense

Last holiday, I went to my brother home in Madura. I went

to Pamekasan City with my father. Pamekasan city was
very interesting, but the atmosphere was too not for me.
A few day later, after we had visited my brother home, we
went to zoo by taxi. The zoo was very crowded. There
were many traders. After we had bought the ticket, we
went to see the animal in the zoo.
First, I saw many pelican birds in there. They were very
hungry, so the zoo keeper feed the birds. Then, I saw
many deer, eaten many hay. In the same cage, I saw
ostrich, it was very big. It cant flew but can ran very fast.
Its stomach was very big too. After we had seen an
ostrich, we went to take the boat that skin like a goose.
After we had seen an animal in zoo, we went to the beach.
I saw many salt farmers. They had finished working when
I visited them.
Before went to home, we bought some drink and food, we
rested in the rest room. I was very happy at this holiday. I
hoped the next holiday has the same good experience too.

Exercise
1.Make the negative and interrogative statement
from this positive statement :
He had paid his debt before I gave him
money

Negative Statement :
He had not paid his debt before I gave him
money
Interrogative Statement :
Had he paid his debt before I gave him
money ?

Exercise
2. Re-arrange this words to the correct sentence :

Had When Came My Mother Sister

Cooked

Mother had cooked when

my sister came

Exercise
3. Make similar sentences using after and before :
The Activities : Finish work - watch TV

I watched TV after I had

finished my work
I had finished my work
before I watched TV