Aplikasi Bidang

Nuklir Sebagai
Pendeteksi Asap
Fauzi Ahmad
M0214019

Jenis Pendeteksi Asap

- Detektor Asap Optik (Photoelectric Smoke
Detector)

-Detektor Asap Ionisasi (dengan bahan radio aktif

Am-241)

Americium-241
Americium-241 (241Am)is anisotope of americium.
Like all isotopes of americium, it isradioactive.241Am is
the most commonisotopeofamericium. It is the most
prevalent isotope of americium innuclear waste.
Americium-241 has ahalf-life of 432.2 years. It is
commonly found in ionization type smoke detectors.
Americium-241 has a specific activity of 3.43 Ci/g (Curies
per gram or 117.29 Gigabequerels (GBq) per gram).
Because of the low penetration of alpha radiation,
americium-241 only poses a health risk when ingested or
inhaled.
In combination with beryllium, Am-241 is also used as a
neutron source in non-destructive testing of machinery
and equipment, and as a thickness gauge in the glass
industry. Beryllium produces neutrons as it captures the
alpha particles from AmO2.

Alur Terbentuknya
Americium-241
U-238 + neutron => U-239 +
U-239 by beta decay => Np-239
Np-239 by beta decay =>Pu-239
Pu-239 + neutron => Pu-240 +
Pu-240 + neutron => Pu-241 +
Pu-241 by beta decay => Am-241
This process is rather slow: half of the original
amount of241Pu decays to241Am after about 14
years, and the241Am amount reaches a
maximum after 70 years.

Penggunaan Am-241
dalam detektor

Sampah Nuklir
Menurut Australian Radiation Health Committee's
Statement on Disposal of Domestic Smoke Detector
s
(November 2001), memperbolehkan membuang
sisa detektor pada tempat sampah umum dengan
alasan :
- Jumlah material radioaktif Am-241 berjumlah
sedikit pada tiap detektor (<1Ci) sehingga tidak
menimbulkan bahaya.
- Material radioaktif terkurung dalam lapisan logam
didalam detektor.
- Jumlah radiasi alami alfa pada alam dalam tanah
sebanding dengan banyak detektor asap dalam
setiap meter kubik sehingga tidak terlalu
signifikan.

Sumber
Australian Radiation Health Committee's
Statement on Disposal of Domestic Smoke Detect
ors
(November 2001).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americium-241
http://
nuclearsafety.gc.ca/eng/resources/fact-sheets/ho
usehold-smoke-detector.cfm
http://teachnuclear.ca/all-things-nuclear/other-nu
clear-applications/smoke_detectors
/
http://
www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/non-po
wer-nuclear-applications/radioisotopes-research/
smoke-detectors-and-americium.aspx