EXTRIMITAS CAUDALIS

Dr. Thontowi Djauhari NS, MKes

Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Muscles of the Body Anterior View

Muscle Compartments

Figure 11.6a

Muscle Compartments

Figure 11.6b

Anterior and Medial Muscles

Origin on pelvis or
vertebral column
Iliacus
Psoas major
Sartorius

Muscles of the medial

compartment

Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis

Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of the Thigh

Quadriceps femoris
Has four separate
heads
Powerful knee
extensors

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

Tensor fasciae latae

Posterior Muscles
Origin on pelvis or
sacrum
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus

Lateral rotators

Piriformis
Obturator externus
Obturator internus
Superior and
inferior gemellus
Quadratus femoris

Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Thigh

Hamstrings
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

Figure 11.21a

Muscles of the Anterior Compartment

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis (peroneus) tertius
Extensor hallucis longus

Figure 11.22a

Muscles of the Lateral Compartment

Fibularis (peroneus)
longus
Fibularis (peroneus)
brevis
Flexor hallucis longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius

Figure 11.23a

Muscles of the Posterior

Compartment
Superficial muscles
Triceps surae
Gastrocnemius
Soleus

Plantaris

Muscles of the Posterior

Compartment

Figure 11.24a, b

Muscles of the Posterior Compartment

Deep muscles

Popliteus
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior

Figure 11.24c

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot

Muscles on the sole of the

foot
First layer
Flexor digitorum
brevis
Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti
minimi

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot

Second layer
Flexor accessorius
Lumbricals

Figure 11.25b

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot

Third layer
Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi
brevis

Figure 11.25c

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot

Fourth layer
Plantar and dorsal
interossei

The Gluteal Region

Lower Limb and Gluteal Region

The Femoral Triangle

Superior border inguinal ligament
Inferior borders
Sartorius
Adductor longus

Vastus lateralis
injection site

Muscle Groups of the Leg

Popliteal fossa
Diamond-shaped hollow on posterior
knee
Defined by borders of hamstring
tendons and gastrocnemius

The Lumbar Plexus

Lumbar plexus
Arises from L1 L4
Smaller branches
innervate the
posterior abdominal
wall and psoas
muscle
Main branches
innervate the anterior
thigh
Femoral nerve
innervates
anterior thigh
muscles
Obturator nerve

Figure 14.12a, b

The Sacral Plexus

Figure 14.13

Innervation of the Skin: Dermatomes

Dermatome an area of skin
Innervated by cutaneous branches of a single
spinal nerve

Lower limb
Lumbar nerves anterior surface
Sacral nerves posterior surface

Dermatomes Anterior - posterior View

Lumbar plexus
Arises from L1
L4
Sacral Plexus
Arise from L4
S1

Figure 14.14a

Arteries of the Pelvis and Lower Limbs

Internal iliac arteries

External iliac artery
Femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Anterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial artery

Arteries of the Pelvis and Lower Limbs

Figure 19.16a

Veins of the Pelvis and Lower Limbs

Deep veins
Share the name of the accompanying artery

Superficial veins
Great saphenous vein empties into the
femoral vein
Small saphenous vein empties into the
popliteal vein

Veins of the Right Lower Limb and Pelvis

Figure 19.26a

Figure 19.27

Terima kasih