Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
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a. Ayatollah Khomeini
b. Mustafa Kemal
c. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
d. Gamal Abdel Nasser
a.
b.
c.
d.
Jawaharlal Nehru
Henry Stanley
Chinua Achebe
Cecil Rhodes
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HISTORY TEACHING
History teaching is defined
as the transmission of
historical knowledge to
people who do not yet
have such knowledge
It occurs in various places
and opportunities in the
classrooms, museums,
and historic sites; and in
different forms (print,
media, websites, and
documentaries).
(AHA, 2011).
KONTEKSTO
Context
the circumstances
that form the
setting for an event,
statement, or idea,
and in terms of
which it can be fully
understood and
assessed.
KASAYSAYAN NG DAIGDIG
KONTEKSTONG PANGKASAYSAYAN
Historical context - the
political, social,
cultural, and
economic
environment related
to historical moments,
events, and trends.
Historical artifacts
and sources were
created within
particular worlds and
are tied to the
political, social, and
economic conditions
of those worlds.
PAST
consists
of
particular
events in space and
time which are no
longer
happening,
cannot be apprehended
by
mathematical
thinking.
KASAYSAYAN NG DAIGDIG
KRONOLOHIYA
Chronology is the
arrangemen
t of facts
and events
in the order
of time.
KASAYSAYAN NG DAIGDIG
PERYODISASYON/ PAGPAPANAHON
Periodization is the
attempt to categorize
universal history or
divide time into named
blocks. The result is
descriptive abstraction
that provide convenient
terms for periods of
time with relatively
stable characteristics.
However, determining
the precise beginning
and ending to any
"period" is often
arbitrary.
KASAYSAYAN NG DAIGDIG
PERYODISASYON/ PAGPAPANAHON
KASAYSAYAN NG DAIGDIG
PERYODISASYON/ PAGPAPANAHON
A SENSE OF TIME
the faculty by which the essence, particular
and passage of time is appreciated.
UNITS OF TIME
24 hours
7 days
1 day
one week
4 weeks
one month
12 months
one year
10 years
one decade
10 decades
1 year
10 years
10 centuries millennium
1000 years
A SENSE OF TIME
*Not to
scale
Year 1
1700
1800
1900
1975
2000
Present
2014
A SENSE OF TIME
Early writers divided timelines into two
parts.
B.C. (Before Christ) and A.D. (Anno
Domini)
Before
Christ
Anno
Domini
A SENSE OF TIME
Emergence of First
Civilizations
(Asia, Africa)
3200 BCE-256 BCE
Before
Christ
Present
2014
Anno
Domini
KASAYSAYAN NG DAIGDIG
A SENSE OF TIME
Culturally sensitive writers tried to
change the system of writing dates as
not to focus mainly on a Christian
timeline.
B.C. B.C.E. (Before the Common Era);
A.D. C.E. (Common Era)
KASAYSAYAN NG DAIGDIG
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Paksa:
Mga Teorya ukol sa Pinagmulan ng
Daigdig
Mga Teorya ukol sa Pinagmulan ng Tao
Mga Unang Kabihasnan sa Mesopotamia
at Fertile Crescent
Date
Event
January 1
Big Bang or
beginning of the universe
Milky Way
May 1
September
25
December
31, 10:30
p.m.
Creationism
The Book of Genesis
Some 55 million
to 65 million
years ago
35 million years
ago
15 million years
ago
4 million years
ago
100,000 years
ago
UNDERSTANDING EARTH
James Hutton (1726- 1797) geologist
proposed the Law of Uniformitarianism.
This idea oh Hutton was later explained
by British Geologist Charles Lyell (17971875), in his volumes of Principles of
Geology (1830-33).
Law of Uniformitarianism - all geological
changes, both ancient and modern,
happen because of uniform processes
rather than special catastrophes. This
concept suggested that the earth is
constantly being shaped and reshaped
by natural forces that have operated
over a vast period of time.
Primates
Australopithec
us
Homo habilis
Homo
the first hominid species to be widely
erectus distributed in the Old World. The earliest
finds are possibly 1.8 million years old.
Homo
All living people belong to one biological
sapiens species, Homo sapiens, which mean that
all human populations on earth can
Homo
Modern-looking humans, undisputed
sapiens examples of which appeared about
sapiens 50,000 years ago; may have appeared
earlier.
Mesopotamia
Sa pagitan ng 3500 hanggang 3000 BCE,
napaunlad ng mga Sumerian ang kanilang
pamayanan at naging kauna-unahang
dakilang sibilisasyon sa Tigris-Euprates.
Ilan sa mga mahahalagang lungsod nito
ang Ur, Uruk, Eridu, Lagash, Nippur at
Kish.
Kabuhayan.
Malaking
bahagi
ng
kabuhayan ng mga taga-Sumer ang
pagtatanim.
Nagpapatubo
sila
ng
wheat, barley, dates at millet. Nagaalaga din sila ngmga baboy, kambing,
cattle, at tupa para sa balat, damit at
pagkain. Ito ang bumubuhay sa buong
lipunan. Ngunit marami din ibang mga
gawain/trabaho ang matatagpuan sa
mga lungsod-estado gaya ng artisan at
mangangalakal.
Sa
katunayan,
nakikipagkalakalan din sila. May mga
archaelogist ang nakatagpo ng mga
kalakal na saklaw ng mga lungsodestado ng Sumer na buhat pa sa Ehipto
at India.
Royal Standard ng Ur
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GREECE
Ancient Greece
(1750 BC- 133
BC)
ROME
Ancient Rome and
the Rise of
Christianity
(509 BCE CE
476)
Greece at Rome
The Olmecs
establish the
first
American
Civilization.
Remains of
their culture
include giant
heads carved
in stone
BELLWOODS MODEL
ca. 4500 BC - 4000 BC: Settlement in Taiwan of PreAustronesian-speaking peoples moving from mainland
China as a result of population pressures arising from
developments in agriculture.
This is evidenced by the similarities between the pottery
assemblages of the local Tapenkeng culture (TPK),
characterised by cord-marked globular pots with
incised everted rims and occasional lug handles or
perforated ringfeet, and those from sites in Fujian and
Guangdong, characterised by potsherds decorated with
incised lines, rows of impressed semicircles, and
stamped dentate patterns inside incisions.
The period is also saw the local development of ProtoAustronesian as a language
BELLWOODS MODEL
ca. 1500 BC: The somewhat linear route of
Austronesian movement bifurcated with one
arm heading west towards Java, settling
parts of Mainland Southeast Asia (Vietnam
and the Malaysian Peninsula) by 500 BC and
reaching as far as Madagascar around the
first millennium AD, and the other
eastwards into the Pacific, settling as far as
Easter Island by the mid-thirteenth century
AD. The latter is marked by the gradual
disappearance of red-slipping in the pottery
assemblages, perhaps signalling
development into the Lapita pottery
complex, as well as a shift from rice
cultivation in favour of fruits and tubers.
SOLHEIMS NUSANTAO
central to this hypothesis is
the concept of the
Nusantao. The term derives
from the Austronesian root
words nusa for "south" and
tau/tao for "man" or
"people", thus giving it the
overall meaning "people of
the south islands".
In essence, the Nusantao
would thus refer to groups
of people in Southeast Asia
who have or at least had a
maritime-oriented culture
in their beginnings.
NUSANTAO
Nusantao as natives of Southeast Asia, and their
descendants, a maritime oriented culture from
their beginnings, those beginnings probably in
southeastern Island Southeast Asia a bit
before 5000 B.C. A majority of the people with
this culture, at any one time, probably spoke a
Malayo-Polynesian language but there was no
doubt a varying sized minority of them, from
time to time, who did not speak a related
language (Solheim 1975a:158).
KAPAPAHAN
MEDIEVAL PERIOD
Supremacy of the Church (Age of Faith)
Christianity spread in Rome although it originated
in Jerusalem
Constantine (280-337 AD) made it religion of the
state
Christianity prevailed even after the fall of the
Roman Empire, influenced the Germanic tribes
Charlemagne, a Frank, bannered Christianity in
Europe, crowned by Pope Leo III in 800 AD as
emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
MEDIEVAL PERIOD
Period when Christianity exerted its greatest
influence in politics, education, arts,
literature and social life
Latter part saw decline of the Church
Abuses crept in, churchmen held positions of
wealth and power, scandals beset the
monasteries, friars had made money from sale of
indulgence
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PA TAT
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Paksa:
Pagtatatag ng National Monarchy ng
France at England
Repormasyong Protestante at Kontra
Repormasyon
Rebolusyong Intelektwal(Pangkaisipan)
Rebolusyong Pampulitika sa France at
England
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SPAIN
Union of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella
of Castille in 1469
the Catholic kings
Supported the Inquisition on Spain and
used harsh methods against heretics
and Jews
Waged war against the Muslims and
completed the Reconquista in 1492 (Fall
of Muslim Granada)
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FRANCE
From 16C the Bourbon family of kings
strengthened absolute monarchy in
France.
Rival Protestant and Catholic nobles
competed for control in France but in
1562 a full-scale civil war erupted
between Huguenots and Catholics.
1572 St. Bartholomews Day Massacre
(Massacre of the Huguenots)- Henry of
Navarres Wedding in Paris)
FRANCE
1589 Henry of Navarre (Bourbon)
inherited the French throne. Protestant
converted to Catholicism
To protect the Huguenots, Henry IV issued
the EDICT OF NANTES (1598) granted
the Huguenots a large measure of
religious freedom, equal treatment
under the law, and equal opportunity to
hold positions in government.
FRANCE
Henry IV was murdered in 1610 and the
throne went to his 9-year old son, Louis
XIII.
Cardinal Richelieu strengthens royal
authority and assume authority as Chief
Minister (1624-42).
a). strengthen absolute monarchy and b).
block Hapsburgs expansion in Europe
Participated in the Thirty Years War
FRANCE
Absolute monarchy triumphs in
France
After the death of Richelieu,
Cardinal Mazarin strengthens
central authority
Louis XIV claims the divine right
of kings Kings are born to
possess all and command all
FRANCE
France advocated mercantilism by
establishing French colonies and
trading companies to compete with the
Dutch and English; improved taxation,
supported ship building and a new navy.
1685 Louis XIV repealed the EDICT of
NANTES. Huguenots fled to Protestant
land
1715 Death of Louis XIV
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ENGLAND
Tudor Dynasty -1485-1602
Henry VIII Act of Supremacy
(1534)
Elizabeth I (1558-1603) under her
reign is considered as one of
Englands greatest ages.
London was center of commerce
ENGLAND
James I succeeded Elizabeth in 1603.
England and Scotland under one
monarch but remained separated
countries.
During the reign of Charles I (1625-1649),
son of James I, tension between the
Parliament and the monarchy
intensified. Conflict on issues on taxes
and religion.
ENGLAND
Charles I signed the PETITION OF RIGHT
(1628) which limited the power of the
King
Specific rights:
1) The monarch could not collect taxes
without Parliaments consent.
2) Civilians should not be forced to
provide food and shelter for soldiers.
3) Military law could not be imposed in
time of peace.
4) No person could be imprisoned
except upon a specific charge.
ENGLISH COMMONWEALTH
Rise of Oliver Cromwell, a Puritan and the
leader of Parliaments forces in the
English Civil War
Lord Protector (1653-1658), ruled
England, Scotland and Ireland until his
death in 1658.
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RENAISSANCE AND
REFORMATION
Renaissance the period of Western
history, beginning in the 1300s when far
reaching changes occurred in the arts,
intellectual, life, and ways of viewing
the world.
Reformation in Europe in the 1500s, the
movement that rebelled against the
authority of the Roman Catholic Church.
Counter-Reformation the reform
movement that began within the Roman
Catholic Church in the 1500s as a
reaction to the Reformation.
RENAISSANCE
French term whose literal meaning is
rebirth
It was a cultural movement that profoundly
affected European intellectual life in the
early modern period.
Beginning in Italy, and spreading to the rest
of Europe by the 16C, its influence was felt
in literature, philosophy, art, politics,
science, religion, and other aspects of
intellectual inquiry. Renaissance scholars
employed the humanist method in study,
and searched for realism and human
emotion in art
HUMANISM DURING
THE RENAISSANCE
RENAISSANCE PERSPECTIVE
HUMANIST SCHOLARS
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)
The Prince
HUMANIST SCHOLARS
Desiderius Erasmuss
Praise of Folly (1509)
In Praise of Folly is
considered one of the
most notable works of
the Renaissance and
one of the catalysts of
the Protestant
Reformation.
RENAISSANCE ART
Renaissance artists emphasized the
uniqueness of each human face and
figure. They tried to capture each
individuals character and personality.
Renaissance architects admired Greek
and Roman buildings and strove for the
same kind of balance and proportion.
One of the distinguishing features of
Renaissance art was its development of
highly realistic linear perspective.
RENAISSANCE ARTISTS
Michaelangelo
( 1475 - 1564)
Raphael Santi
(1483-1520)
Leonardo da
Vinci
(1452-1519)
RENAISSANCE ARTISTS
William
Shakespeare
(1564-1616)
Miguel de Cervantes
de Saavedra
(1547-1616)
Francois Rabeleis
(1494-1553)
PRINTING SPREADS
RENAISSANCE IDEAS
CONCLUSION
In the 15th century, the Renaissance
spread with great speed from its
birthplace in Florence, first to the rest
of Italy, and soon to the rest of Europe.
The invention of the printing press
allowed the rapid transmission of these
new ideas. As it spread, its ideas
diversified and changed, being adapted
to local culture.
In all, the Renaissance could be viewed as
an attempt by intellectuals to study and
improve the secular and worldly, both
through the revival of ideas from
antiquity, and through novel
approaches to thought.
REFORMATION
A movement that rebelled against
the authority of the Roman
Catholic Church in the 1500s in
Europe.
The efforts of the self-described
"reformers" who objected to
(read: "protested") the doctrines,
rituals and ecclesiastical structure
of the Roman Catholic Church, led
to the creation of new national
Protestant churches.
PRECURSOR TO REFORMATION
In the late 1300s John Wycliffe
(Oxford University) questioned
that only through the Church a
person can gain salvation.
Denounced bishops and other
clergy for amassing wealth and
neglecting religious duties.
His followers, the Poor Preachers
taught using the language of the
people rather than Latin.
PRECURSOR TO REFORMATION
John Huss (University of Prague)
challenged the authority of the
Pope and criticized the Churchs
wealth.
He was excommunicated in 1410,
arrested, found guilty of heresy,
and burned at the stake in 1415.
1420- Hussites began a rebellion
against the Church continued until
peace was gained in 1434.
REFORMATION
Martin Luther (1483-1546), a German monk
became the leader of the protest against
the Church. Excommunicated in 1521.
Salvation through faith and the grace of
God. Critique of indulgences
SOLA SCRIPTURA, SOLA FIDE
REFORMATION
The reformation is not only an issue of
FAITH but of FINANCES.
Luther was summoned by Charles V, the
Holy Roman Emperor but he refused. He
took refuge in the castle of a German
prince, Frederick of Saxony.
Luthers teachings were accepted by
German princes. It was a way of
demonstrating their independence from
the Holy Roman Empire.
REFORMATION
COUNTER-REFORMATION
CONCLUSION
The Reformation and CounterReformation both encouraged the
spread of education.
Reading became an important skill
for men and women (Protestant
reformers insisted individuals to
read the Bible)
The Counter-Reformation, the
Jesuits played an important role in
education by establishing Catholic
schools and universities.
REBOLUSYONG INTELEKTWAL(PANGKAISIPAN)
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
Copernican Heliocentric Theory (1453)
Galileo invented the telescope; supported
the Copernican Theory, book published
in 1632 but banned by the Church
Kepler and Newton on motion of objects
William Harvey explained blood
circulation
Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the
microscope
Leeuwenhoek
invented the
microscope
Galileo
invented the
telescope;
supported the
Copernican
Theory, book
published in 1632
but banned by
the Church
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
Carolus Linnaeus developed classification
system
Francis Bacon encouraged careful
observation in Novum Organum
Rene Descartes emphasized importance of
reasoning; Cogito ergo sum
John Locke Two Treatises of Government
(1689), Francois Marie Arouet (Voltaire)
Candide (1759); Baron de Montesquie,
The Spirit of the Laws (1748)
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
Joseph II of Austria, Frederick II of
Prussia, Catherine the Great of
Russia
(Enlightened Despots)- Introduced
reforms
Classical composers
Bach, Haydn, Mozart, Chopin, Vivaldi,
Strauss, Beethoven, Mendelssohn,
Schubert, Schuman
CLASSICAL COMPOSERS
BEETHOVEN
1770-1827
MOZART
1756-1791
POLITICAL REVOLUTION
Aimed at changing
government due to liberal
ideas spawned by the
intellectual revolution
POLITICAL REVOLUTION
American Revolution (1775-1783)
Thirteen colonies revolted
July 4, 1776 Declaration of Independence
Peace of Paris, 1783 the colonies were
recognized
Republican government established with
George Washington as President
Adam Smith
(1723-1790)
Inquiry to the
Nature and Causes
of the Wealth of
Nations
Laying foundation
of science of
political economy
and exerting
influence
throughout the
world