Participial Phrases

(Adjective Phrases)
Presented by the 4th Group:
1. Meilinda Nur Afifah
2. Pefinta Diana Putri
3. Hidayana Putri
4. Syukri Agung
5. Nuraniza Khalili

Participial Phrases
(Adjective Phrases)
DEFINITIO
N
FORM
FUNCTIO
N

FUNCTIO
N

Reducing Adjective
Clauses
To Adjective Phrases

DEFINITION
Adjective phrase is a word or a group
of related words that does not contain
a subject and verb, and it acts as an
adjective in the sentence.
The restaurant served plain,
tasteless soup.
- The committee picked somebody
stupid for our new leader.
- A stranger, rich and kind, paid for
my dinner.

FORM
Most adjective phrases come after the word
they describe.
Mrs. Morris is tall and slim.
This is the road to Toledo.
Some adjective phrases come before the
word they describe. The words in these
phrases are often joined with hyphens.
An eight-years-old child goes to school alone.
A well-dressed lady comes to the party.

FUNCTIO
N
The functions of adjective phrases are:
Adjective phrase head
The nearby motel offers cheap but comfortable
room.
These are unbelievably expensive shoes.
Noun phrase modifier
My mother planted purple flowers in her garden.
The very tiny puppy barked at the cat.

Subject complement
Under the bed is filthy.
The cake tastes sickeningly sweet.
Object complement
The farmer painted the barn red.
The little girl wanted her room bright pink.
Appositive
The fire, warm and inviting, burned brightly in the dark
night.
A stranger, rich and kind, paid for my dinner.

Participal phrase
modifying a noun or
pronoun
Position of participle:
After the noun being modified
a. Noun as complement of verb
b. Noun as complement of verb
c. Noun as object of verb
d. Noun as object of preposition
At the begining of the sentence
(modifying the subject)
At the end of the sentence
(modifying the subject)

Participal phrase as part of the

Restrictive Phrase
(narrows down the
reference of a noun or
pronoun)

The girl taking to the teacher is

very intelligent
The person to see is that girl
talking to the teacher
Bob knows the girl talking to the
teacher
Bob is interested in the girl talking
to the teacher

Nonrestictive Phrase
(does not narrow down
the reference of a noun or
pronoun)

The new president, supported by all

the people, felt confident about the
future.
This is a good government,
supported by all the people.
They now have a good government
supported by all people.
They long for a good government,
supported by all the people.
Supported by all the people, the
new President felt confident about
the future.
They new president felf confident
about the future, knowing that he
had the support of all the people

I heard him talking to the teacher object of a verb

Forms of participles

Active
Voice
General Form

offering
(present
participle)

Perfect Form

having
offered

Passive Voice
Progressive

offered (past
participle)

having been
offering

having been
offered

Progressive
being
offered

Participle are made negative by placing not before them not offering,
not having offered.

Present participle
(example, offering)
Example:
a. The woman who is washing the dishes is our new
cook.
The woman washing the dishes is our new cook.
(The participle is derived from a progressive verb.)
b. Anyone who violates this law will be punished.
Anyone violating this law will be punished. (The
past participle is derived from nonprogressive
verb.)

Past participle
(example, offered)
The time of the main verbs determines the
times of the participle.
Example:
a. Doctors often recommended rabies shots
for anyone who is bitten by a strage dog.
Doctors often recommended rabies shots
for anyone bitten by a strange dog.

Progressive passive participle

(example, being offered)
This participle express present action.
Example:
Those houses which are now being torn
down were built fifty years ago.
Those houses being torn down were built
fifty years ago.

Perfect participial forms

(Examples, having offered, having
been offered, having been offered)

The perfect forms indicate time that corresponds

to the present perfect or the past perfect tense.
Example:
Anyone who has talked to him once will be
convinced of his innocence.
Anyone having talked to him once will be
convinced of his innocence.

Punctuation and Position of

Participial Phrases
a. Restrictive - A student hoping to finish college in
three years must work very hard. (No commas are
used)
b. Nonrestrictive Robert, hoping to finish collage in
three years, worked very hard. (commas are used)

Participial phrases
in two-part objects of verbs
Catch, Keep, Leave, Send, Find
The police caught the young boy stealing a car
They found the horse tied to a tree
Passive: Their rowboat was found drifting in the lake

Behold, feel, hear, listen to, notice, observe,

perceive, see, watch, witness
We heard the children crying
I saw them run across the street
After such verbs of perception, to-less
infinitives may be alternatives for participial
phrases

Participial phrases
to express means or manner
Example:
She caught cold sitting on the wet grass

Reducing Adjective Clauses

To Adjective Phrases
Clause: A clause is a group of related words that contains a subject and a verb.
Phrase: A phrase is a group of related words that does not contain a subject and a
verb.
(a) Adjective clause:
The girl who is sitting next to me is Maria.
(b) Adjective phrase:
The girl sitting next to me is Maria.

An adjective phrase is a reduction of an adjective

clause. It does not contain a subject and verb.
The adjective clause in (a) can be reduced to the
adjective phrase in (b).
(a) and (b) have the same meaning.

(c) Clause: The boy who is playing the piano is Only adjective clauses that have a subject
Ben.
pronoun who, which, or that are reduced to
(d) Phrase: The boy playing the piano is Ben.
modifying adjective phrases.
(e) Clause: The boy (whom) I saw was Tom.
(f) Phrase: (none)

The adjective clause in (e) cannot be reduced to

an adjective phrase.

Any question?

PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT !

SO ?
LETS PRACTICE !

A. Reduce the adjective clauses into adjective phrases.

1. I know the student who is sitting in the front row of the theater.
2. The girl who was chosen to be the captain has played for three
years.
3. John Brown, who is 23, works at Chase Bank.
4. I went to a hotel that was located on 7th and Broadway.
5. Nancy likes restaurants that serve spicy food.

B. Identify the type of adjective clause:

restrictive or non-restrictive adjective, then
correct it if it non-restrictive adjective.
1. My father who is the taxi driver doesnt like to exercise.
2. The rice made by your sister yesterday tasted like glue.
3. My girlfriend who is very beautiful loves painting.
4. The words written on the blackboard are very difficult to read.
5. Mia Hamm who is the worlds most famous female soccer player
played in the World Cup in fall 2003.

C. Identify the adjective phrase and adjective clause in

the sentences then decide the function of it in the
sentences: S, O, OP.
1. My best friend, who nobody else seems to like, needs to learn
how to get along with people.
2. The man to whom I talked yesterday was very kind.
3. The man about whom I was telling you is over there.
4. Maria is the student whose book I found.
5. I like the man whom I saw last night.

Thanks for your

attention
Have a nice day