Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
(Knowledge Acquisition)
Departemen Ilmu Komputer IPB
2012
The heart of ES
Knowledge
Declarative vs Procedural Knowledge
Overview
Knowledge
Acquisition
What is it?
What are the
issues?
What are the
solutions?
What techniques are
used?
Documents
Knowledge
Acquisition
Software
Knowledge Engineer
Knowledge
Repository
Akuisisi Pengetahuan
Mengumpulkan informasi dari berbagai
Hayes-Roth et al (1983)
Knowledge
Repository
Acquiring knowledge is
difficult, and can be very
time consuming, costly and
inefficient.
Knowledge
Repository
Need techniques that:
Tacit
TacitKnowledge:
Knowledge:
Deep
Deepknowledge
knowledgenot
not
consciously
consciouslyavailable
available
totothe
theexpert,
expert,hence
hence
difficult
difficultto
todescribe.
describe.
Expressing Knowledge
Transfer to a Machine
Number of Participants
Structuring Knowledge
Experimental
Psychology
Artificial
Intelligence
Knowledge
Repository
Knowledge Models
Structured
representations
Clear and Unambiguous
Help elicit knowledge
Help validation
Help use and
maintenance
Efficient interviews
Acquire tacit
knowledge
Help experts recall
Help to focus the
expert
Generic tasks
Psychological
Techniques
Knowledge Models
Psychological
Techniques
"Comparing the
Kob
Kob to a similar
engin
e
engine,
SN the SN4,
4 the Kob
I'd say
a lot
waslighte
a lot smaller
r
and lighter.
I'd
characterise
hig the
h low
Kob
as having
high
efficien
cy
efficiency,
and
low
quie
emission
s
emissions
and t
quiet..
it's a quiet
engine".
Concepts:
Kob, engine, SN4
Relations:
a lot smaller, lighter
Values:
high efficiency, low
emissions, quiet
Knowledge Objects
SN4-100
SN4
concepts
SN4-200
reports
documents
specifications
lighter than
relations
smaller than
is a
composed of
design specs
test specs
Semantic Network
Kob
smaller
than
SN4
lighte
r
than
Frame
Kob
efficiency
high
emissions
low
noise level
quiet
Knowledge
Objects
Knowledge
Models
Knowledge
Repository
Domain Expert
Expert
System
Knowledge
Engineer
Question
Answers
Results
Knowledge
Documentation
Transcript
Perform knowledge
analysis
Knowledge objects
Construct knowledge
models
Knowledge models
Populate repository
Unstructured Interview
Semi-Structured Interview
Structured Interview
Commentary
Teach Back
Observation
Laddering
Concept Ladder
Composition Ladder
Decision Ladder
Attribute Ladder
Procces Ladder
Acquisition TechniquesProtocol
- Examples
Analysis
Laddering
Protocol Analysis
Constrained Tasks
Process Mapping
Concept Sorting
Repertory
Expert provides a
running commentary
as they perform a task.
This is recorded and
transcribed.
Acquisition Techniques
Examples
Constrained Tasks
Laddering
Protocol Analysis
Constrained Tasks
Process Mapping
Concept Sorting
Repertory Grid
?
?
The questions asked give
vital knowledge.
Acquisition Techniques
Examples
Process Mapping
look-up max-ht-ATC
look-up max-ht-Wx
Laddering
Protocol Analysis
Constrained Tasks
calc max-range-time
calc max-range-comms
calc CAP max range
calc max-range-fuel
calc max-range-sector
Process Mapping
Concept Sorting
Repertory Grid
decide 8 or 0
select orientation
decide CAP orientation angle
Acquisition Techniques
Examples
Concept Sorting
Laddering
Protocol Analysis
Constrained Tasks
Process Mapping
Concept Sorting
Repertory Grid
avicide
avicide
ss
mollusicide
mollusicide
ss
piscicide
piscicide
ss
repellen
repellen
tsts
slimicid
slimicid
es
es
disinfectan
disinfectan
tsts
Acquisition Techniques
Examples
Repertory Grid
Laddering
Protocol Analysis
Constrained Tasks
Process Mapping
Concept Sorting
Repertory Grid
high, enough)
e.g :
Tiga orang pakar diminta menilai berapa usia seseorang masih dianggap
produktif
Tiga orang pakar diminta menilai apakah pendapatan seorang menteri
terlalu kecil , cukup , besar atau sangat besar
Certainty Factor
Bayes
Nave Bayes
Merupakan teknik pengambilan keputusan berbasis
statistik
Konsep peluang bersyarat
Nave Bayes : Sebagai classifier
Contoh kasus [klik]
Certainty Factor
MB MD
CF = CF (evidence) * CF (Rule)
Kombinasi (CF)
Comparison of KA Techniques
Summary
A major part of
Knowledge Acquisition
is capturing knowledge
from experts.
Capturing knowledge
from experts is difficult
and can be very time
consuming, costly and
inefficient.