Metering

Why
a)Electricity is not free, for production, cost is
incurred in the form of
Fuel cost
or
Employee cost
Capital cost
b)The production cost have to be born by
consumer
c)Producer is one and consumers are many
d)Cost cannot be equally divided among the
consumers

Recovery of Cost
1) By equally dividing among the
consumer
a)All consumers does not consume
equal energy
b)Why pay for the energy used by
other
2) By dividing the cost by installed
consumption capacity of consumer
a)Under recover for producer
b)Consumer have to pay even for
the
energy not used by them

Whats The Solution

Install
Meter
each

at

Metering
Direct Metering
Indirect Metering

Direct Metering
Voltage and
Current are
directly
applied to the
Meter

P
N
Phase
Side

Load Side

Indirect Metering
CT is provided for
measurement of Current
Energy
Meter

PT is Installed for
measurement of Voltage
P
N

CT
Load Side

Supply Side

PT

Accuracy Class of Meters

Class 2
Used where energy consumption is very
low
Class 1
Used where energy consumption is
medium
Class 0.5
Where bulk energy is consumed or
generated
Class 0.2
Same as class 0.5 however where more
accounting of energy is required

Selection of Direct Current Meter

Direct meters have different

current ranges i.e. 2Amp,
5Amp, 20 Amp or so
Meters are selected so that
minimum load of customer
should be more than 20% of
the full current

f current rating exceeds

ndirect Metering is done

Indirect Metering

Standard current for meters are

1 or 5 amps
Some manufacturer provide both
options
Generally meters have PT inputs
of 110V for 3 ph 3wire and 63.5
volts for 3ph 4 wire
As per requirement of customer
special range CT and PT can be
produced

Factors Effect Metering

For example
Accuracy Class
Meter
Current Transformer ( CT)
Potential Transformer
Location of Meter
Size of Conductor for
Current Transformer
Potential Transformer

Meter acc class : 0.5

CT acc class
: 0.5
PT Acc class
: 0.5
Then over all accuracy of
measurement will be
1.5%

CT

Energy
Meter

PT

Location of Meter at site

If possible install meter

near to CT and PT
secondary.
Use of large cross
section of pilot wires
Removal of all burdens
from CT and PT
secondary
Separate core for
commercial metering

Meter, Meter Reading Instrument

( MRI)
Base Computer Software (BCS) for
Meter Data Management ( MDM) &
Meter Data Acquisition System
(MDAS)

Technologies have
evolved over a period
of time
.. And so have the meters

Energy Meters
Energy Meters Conventionally Measures
a Single Quantity
- KWh
- KVArh
- KVAh
Energy Meters are used for Commercial
purpose
( i.e to record consumption of Energy by
consumer and correspondingly billing to
consumer)

The viability of Power Utility depends

upon
1. Accuracy & Efficiency in collecting
meter reading and issue of Bills there
after.
2.Collection Efficiency.

This was the Energy Meters in good old days way

back to 1909

Life cycle

Todays Energy
Meters are Data
Loggers

They Churn out a lot of

data

They give much more than Energy

Reading

Meters Yesterday
Single

Parameter(KWH)

Single Reading

Meters
today
Multiple
Parameters

Multiple Readings
( load survey)

Electronic Reading

Manual Reading
- Error
prone

Manual Computation
Error Prone

- less Error
prone

Computer aided
computations
Less
errors

Advantage of Electronic
Meters
More Accurate than Electromechanical meters
They are
log time

data loggers &

Stamped Data

They are read

Electronically & human
Errors is Eliminated
Remote Reading is
Possible (Direct, PSTN,
GSM, GPRS)
They Can detect & log
illogical Events ( Tamper)

Appropriate for
Consumer End meters
only

Yesterday with
Electromechanical Meters
Manual Reading

Today ,with modern

Electronic Meter
Read Electronically, not
from Display
Complicated Tarif
Consumption determined
from computer , far away
from meter

This only Extract Data

from Meter.

Software (BSC) needed

for Data Extraction

Metering System Software

Meters
has
a
large
amount of data, not
practical to read using
display , better to read
Electronically

Third party
application
software or services
are
now needed

Software supplied by
meter manufacturers is
not sufficient for
deriving information
from the data
We will deal with Meter Reading and
system
software for meter reading/ Data
extraction.

Calibration LED
Inductively
Coupled PPU

LCD Display
Rating Plate

Optical
Port

Button for
reverse
Scrolling
Front Side sealing
arrangement

Button for
Display
Scrolling/scroll
lock

Terminal
Block
Extended Terminal
Block Transparent

Information Available in
Modern Electronic Meters

Display & logged

Parameters

Display Mode

Auto Display

(for quick reference)

Push Button Display

Scrolls
Automatically
Display can be accessed by

(for
detailed information)

Meter Reader
To see History Data and
Tamper Information
Useful to identify meters that
requires close investigation

Display Parameters
Information Shown on the Display of Electronic
Meter
Self Diagnostics

Basic Information

LED Segment Check

Meter Serial no.

Battery & NVM Health

Date/Time in RTC

RTC Date & Time

Instantaneous
Parameters

V, I, PF,kW, kVAr etc.

Power On/Off hours
Rising demand with
elapsed time

Billing
Information

Tamper Information

Cumulative Registers

Missing Potential

TOU wise MDs

Current Reverse

6 or 12 history data

Short/Open Circuit
Load Imbalance
Cum Count of Events

Logged
Parameters

Logged

Parameters

Capacity to log parameters is a key feature of Electronic

meters
Logged parameters can be categorized as

Instantaneous Parameters
Billing Information There are electrical parameter as seen
By the meter at the time of reading or
Load Survey
can read locally Using MRI
Events or tampers
Transactions
Can cover Voltage, Current, PF, kW,
kVAr, kVA etc
They are interpreted & displayed in
the BSC

Logged

Parameters

Capacity to log Parameters is a key Feature of Electronic Meters

Logged Parameters Can be Categorized as

Instantaneous Parameters
Billing Information These are based on Tariff type
Programmed to meter
Load survey
Events or Tampers
These are packets of information
Transactions

on billing parameters like energy,

MD etc. for each billing cycle
They are also interpreted & displayed
in the BCS

Logged

Parameters

Capacity to log parameters is a key feature of Electronic meters

Logged parameters can be categorized as

Instantaneous parameters
Billing information
-They are periodic interval-wise
Load survey

information, intervals known as SIP

Events or tampers
Transactions

-SIP is typically hour for

consumer meters & hour for
boundary meters
-Generally average values of kWh,
kVArh, kVAh, frequency, PF,
Voltages, Currents, Power Down Time
etc.

Logged

Parameters

Capacity to log parameters is a key feature of Electronic

meters
Logged parameters can be categorized as

Instantaneous Parameters
Billing Information
Load Survey
Are simply illogical electrical events as
Events or
Tampers
Transactions

seen by meter
-The correct way is to refer to them
as events and not tampers
-No meter can be called tamper proof
meter
-Modern meters have 3 types of tamper
related features
-Tamper proof features
-Tamper deterrent
features

Logged

Parameters

Capacity to log parameters is a key feature of Electronic

meters
Logged parameters can be categorized as

Instantaneous
Parameters
Billing Information
Load Survey
Events or Tampers

They are interchange

Transactions
between meter & MRI

of

information

They include change of tariff programme in

meter, definition of
kVArh & kVAh,
resetting MD,changing date/time etc.

Meter Reading Instrument (MRI)

What Is MRI ?
Hand Held Unit (HHU) for Meter
Reading.
Small, compact DOS or Windows
Computer
Capable to Communicate with :
Static Energy Meters /Computer

Uses of MRI
- Data Collection from Meter
-Can read different make meters with
Common MRI (CMRI)
- Instantaneous Parameters checked by

Features Of MRI
Battery Operated Instrument.
Comprises of :
-A Keypad.
-LCD Display.
- Communication Ports.
- Charger Connector.
Pre loaded Software.

CMRI Analogic
- 4,6 MB for data storage
LCD Screen

-2 MB for program storage

- 16 line display ( 16 *24 )

Power/Resume
switch & status
LED

45 key
Membrane
keypad

- 100% PC Compatibility in
a Rugged Hand Held
- Runs MS-DOS and
Virtually any PC Program
-PC communications
Software at up to 115K
bps
-Optional second RJ-11
Port through built-in

Common Optical cord

Menu Visible on MRI Screen

1 SEMS
CHK
3 L&T
5 DUKE

2 SEMS4 PHASOR

a) Press 1 to read Secure

Meters
b) Press 3 to read L&T Meters
c) Press 4 to read phasor of meter
d) Press 5 to read Duke meter

Pressing Option-1
for Secure Meter
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Quit
Read Meter Data
Dump Data
Read Energy
Calibration
Terminal
Space
Identification No
Load survey Days

For L&T Meter

press 3

(D) COLLECT DATA

(C) CURRENT BILLING
(B) PREVIOUS BILLING
(T) TAMPER DATA
(i) INSTANTANEOUS DATA
(S) COLLECT SETTING
(L) LOAD SURVEY
(M) MD RESET
(a)TAMPER RESET
(P) PROGRAMMING MODE
(U) PC COMMUNICATION
(H) HHT DOWNLOAD
(R) ACCURACY TEST
(O) MEMORY STATUS
(X) EXIT

Electronic Meter Reading Methods

-Direct Reading through MRI.
-Reading by Low Power Radio.
-Reading by GSM/GPRS/PSTN.

Meter Data Downloading

After Reading the Meter its Data can be downloaded
in respective BCS ( Base Computer Software).
This data contains all the data like Instantaneous,
Billing, Load Survey, Event & Transaction data.
File name extension of data is .mrd in case of
Secure meters and .VIN in case of L&T meters

Base Computer Software (BCS)

Meter make
1.
2.
3.
4.

Secure
L&T
PRI UK
ABB/Elster

BCS
Smart2k
Vincom
Integrator
Raster

Working with Secure smart 2000

BCS

Main Screen

INSTANTANEOUS VALUES

PHASOR DIAGRAM

Depicting Phase Reversal

Date and time of Reading

Meter Serial Number
Downloaded
CT , PT, Meter Specifications

TOD Power Factor

History

Maximum Demand History

LOAD SURVEY GRAPH

load
Imbalance

Working with
BCS

L&T

Meter specifications

Date and time of meter

collection

Phasor of meter downloads

Previous consumption

Max Demand recorded 206.5 Kw

On 1/8/2011 at 00:00 Hrs

What is DLMS/COSEM
DLMS - What is it?

Automatic Meter Reading, or

more general - Demand
Side Management - needs
universal definitions, needs
communication standards.
DLMS/COSEM is the common
language so that the
partners can understand
each other

What is DLMS?
DLMS stands for Distribution Line Message Specification. It is an
application layer specification, independent of the lower layers
and thus of the communication channel, designed to support
messaging to and from (energy) distribution devices in a
computer-integrated environment. It is an international standards
established by IEC TC 57 and published as IEC 61334-4-41.
The concept was driven forward later to become Device
Language Message Specification with the objective to provide an
interoperable environment for structured modelling and meter
data exchange. Applications like remote meter reading, remote
control and value added services for metering any kind of energy,
like electricity, water, gas or heat are supported.

DLMS:
Device Language Message specification - a
generalized concept for abstract modeling of
communication entities
COSEM:
COmpanion Specification for Energy
Metering - sets the rules, based on
existing
standards, for data exchange with energy
meters

The IEC TC13 WG 14 groups the DLMS specifications under

the common heading: "Electricity metering - Data exchange
for meter reading, tariff and load control". DLMS protocol
suite is not specific to electricity metering.
IEC 62056-21: Direct local data exchange (3d edition of IEC
61107) describes how to use COSEM over a local port
(optical or current loop)
IEC 62056-42: Physical layer services and procedures for
connection-oriented asynchronous data exchange
IEC 62056-46: Data link layer using HDLC protocol
IEC 62056-47: COSEM transport layers for IPv4 networks
IEC 62056-53: COSEM Application layer
IEC 62056-61: Object identification system (OBIS)
IEC 62056-62: Interface classes

Neutral Missing

Neutral Missing with connection

from Load to Source side

Depicting R phase missing and shifting

of all the three phases towards neutral

Thanks