CPR

Heart Attack and

Cardiac Arrest
A heart attack occurs when heart muscle
tissue dies.
Cardiac arrest results when the heart
stops beating.

Caring for Cardiac Arrest

Chain of survival
Recognition and action
CPR
Defibrillation
Advanced care
Post-arrest care

Performing CPR
Check for
responsiveness.
Check for breathing.
Call 9-1-1.
CPR if unresponsive
and not breathing
Chest compressions
Rescue breaths

Berta A. Daniels, 2010

Chest Compressions
(1 of 3)

2 hands for adults

1 or 2 hands for a child
2 fingers for an infant
Compression depth
Adult and child: 2 inches
Infant: 1 inches
(1/3 depth of the chest)

Compression rate
At least 100 per minute
30 compressions in
18 seconds

Berta A. Daniels, 2010

Chest Compressions
(2 of 3)

Location
Adult and child: center of chest between nipples
Infants: just below nipple line

Cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths until:

AED becomes available.

Victim shows signs of life.
EMS takes over.
You are too tired to continue.

Chest Compressions
(3 of 3)

Chest compressions
alone are an
acceptable alternative.
Provide continuous
chest compressions.
Berta A. Daniels, 2010

Rescue Breaths
After every 30
compressions:
Tilt the head and lift
the chin.
Close the nose.
Give 2 breaths.
See the chest rise.
Berta A. Daniels, 2010

Airway Obstruction
Mild blockage
Coughing forcefully

Severe/complete blockage
Weak, ineffective cough
Unable to breathe or speak

Common causes of obstruction

Tongue, vomit, foreign body, swelling, spasm

Caring for Airway

Obstruction (1 of 5)
Responsive adult or
child: Heimlich
maneuver
Abdominal thrusts just
above navel
Perform thrusts until
object is removed or
victim is unresponsive.
Chest thrusts for larger
or pregnant victims

Caring for Airway

Obstruction (2 of 5)
Responsive infant
Support infants head and lay infants face
down over your forearm and thigh.
Give 5 back blows.
Roll infant face-up.
Give 5 chest thrusts.

Caring for Airway

Obstruction (3 of 5)
Back Blows

Chest Thrusts

Caring for Airway

Obstruction (4 of 5)
Unresponsive adult or
child, if breath fails to
go in:
Retilt the head.
Reattempt breath.
Give 30 chest
compressions.
Check airway.
Remove object if visible.

Berta A. Daniels, 2010

Caring for Airway

Obstruction (5 of 5)
Unresponsive infant, if
breath fails to go in:
Retilt the head.
Reattempt breath.
Give 30 compressions.
Check the airway.
Remove the object if
visible.