FORMWORK, SHUTTERING

AND SCAFFOLDINGS
TECHNOLOGIES

Quantity survey and Estimation

GROUP MEMBERS
Fida ur Rahman( 13L-5744)
Abdul Moeez (13L-5779)
Afzaal Akram (13L-5815)

TOPICS WE WILL BE COVERING

Formwork
Shuttering
Scaffolding

FORMWORK / SHUTTERING

ShutteringandFormworkare terms used to

describe the process of creating a mold in which
concrete can be poured and contained as it
hardens enough to support its own weight.

FORMWORK/SHUTTERING
HOW FORMWORK AND SHUTTERING ARE
DIFFERENT?
Shuttering usually refers to the process of using
plywood to form the mold, while formwork is
something of a broader term that is used to
denote the forming process using a wide variety
of materials.

Shuttering and formwork both accomplish the

same essential task, but the materials used to
accomplish this task can vary.

FORMWORK / SHUTTERING

Purpose
When construction teams need to mold wet
concrete or hold it in place until it hardens to the
desired shape, they use formwork.

FORMWORK
Common Types Of Formwork Are
Timber Formwork
Plywood Formwork
Steel Formwork

TIMBER FORMWORK
Timber is the most common material used for
formwork.
The disadvantage with timber formwork is that
it will warp, swell and shrink.
Applying water impermeable coat to the surface
of wood remove these defects.

TIMBER FORMWORK
Timber for formwork should satisfy the following
requirement:
It should be

well seasoned
light in weight
easily workable with nails without splitting
free from loose knots

Timber used for shuttering for exposed concrete

work should have smooth and even surface on all
faces which come in contact with concrete.
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PLYWOOD FORMWORK
Resin bonded plywood sheets are attached to timber
frames to make up panels of required sizes. The cost
of plywood formwork compares favorably with that
of timber shuttering and it may even prove cheaper
in certain cases in view of the following
considerations:
I.
It is possible to have smooth finish in which case
on cost in surface finishing is there.
II. By use of large size panels it is possible to effect
saving in the labor cost of fixing and dismantling.
III. Number of reuses are more as compared with
timber shuttering. For estimation purpose,
number of reuses can be taken as 20 to 25.

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STEEL FORMWORK
This type of shuttering is considered most
suitable for circular or curved structures.
This consist of panels fabricated out of thin steel
plates stiffened along the edges by small steel
angles.
The panel units can be held together through the
use of suitable clamps or bolts and nuts. The
panels can be fabricated in large number in any
desired modular shape or size.
Steel forms are largely used in large projects or
in situation where large number reuses of the
shuttering is possible.

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GENERAL RULES FOR FORMWORK

The need for edge protection.
Access, and platforms for workers.
Protection from falling objects.
Wind support for walls.
Keep the formwork neat and with tight joints.
Gaps as small as 3mm will let out the fines and
cement , leaving weak patches in the concrete
finish.
Assoonas the formwork is stripped, clean It.

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METHODS OF REMOVING
FORMWORK
The sequence of orders and method of
removal of formwork are as follows:
1. Shuttering forming the vertical faces ofwalls,
beams and column sides should be removed first
as they bear no load but only retain the
concrete.
2. Shuttering forming soffit of slabs should be
removed next.
3. Shuttering forming soffit of beams, girders or
other heavily loaded shuttering should be
removed in the end.

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SCAFFOLDING

Scaffoldings are temporary structures used as

working platforms to support people during
construction, maintenance, or repair work.

They enable workers to reach heights they

couldn't easily access otherwise.

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TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING AND THEIR USES

There is a wide range of scaffolding types that

can be used in construction and for other
purposes
We will ponder on commonly used Scaffolding
technologies , which are
1. Supported scaffolding
2. Suspended scaffolding
3. Rolling / Mobile Scaffolding
4. Aerial Lifts

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SUPPORTED SCAFFOLDING
This is the most commonly used form of
scaffolding
you will see this type being used in construction
work and on most other forms of work where
elevation is required.
Supported scaffolding is built from the base
upwards
It is considered the easiest, most convenient,
safest, and most cost effective form of scaffolding
construct

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SUSPENDED SCAFFOLDING
Suspended scaffolding is typically suspended
from a roof or other tall construct
It is most commonly used when it is not possible
to construct a base or where access to upper
levels may be required.
This type of scaffolding is commonly used by
window cleaners on tall buildings

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MOBILE / ROLLING SCAFFOLDING

Rolling scaffolding is a similar to supported
scaffolding
But rather than offering a stable base, it uses
castor style wheels that enable the base to be
moved.
This is a useful form of scaffolding when you need
to complete work over a longer distance.
The wheels should be locked when workers or
materials are on the scaffolding, in order to
ensure the safety of those using it.

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AERIAL LIFTS
Aerial lifts should be used where workers need to
be able to access a number of levels in order to be
able to complete a construction
Aerial lift will make it easier and safer to lift
even large amounts of material, and multiple
workers to the levels required.

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SCAFFOLDING
MOST PREFERABLE TYPE OF SCAFFOLDING

Most preferable type of scaffolding is Supported

Scaffolding because
It

is convenient
Safest of them all
Most cost effective form of scaffolding .

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RISK OF SCAFFOLDING

SCAFFOLD COLLAPSING

It Collapse because of poor construction, poor material used,

over loading, weather etc.

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RISK OF SCAFFOLD COLLAPSING

FALL FROM A HEIGHT

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SAFETY MEASURES FOR

SCAFFOLDING

PREVENTION FROM FALL

Worker

must be clipped on to the frame of scaffold to

prevent falling

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SAFETY MEASURES FOR

SCAFFOLDING
There is a system for checking the construction of
scaffolding and deciding whether it is safe for use or
not.
o Tagging Systems
Tagging systems can be customized but typically
include Red, Yellow and Green tags.
Red Tag:Do not access scaffolding
Scaffold is incomplete or unsafe
Daily inspection has not been performed
Yellow Tag:Scaffolding inspection has
beenperformed and additional safety requirements
arenecessary for users.
Green Tag:Inspection has been performed
andscaffold is safe to use.

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REFERENCES

http://www.iamcivilengineer.com

http://theconstructor.org/building/formwork-/

http://www.wisegeek.com

http://www.formarkscaffolding.co.uk

http://www.hubinternational.com/industries/cons
truction/resources-center/scaffolding-safety-andbest-practices

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