Salt Hydrolysis of different

AlCl
K CO
salt
3

Al(OH)3

HCl
KOH

NaHCO3

NaOH

NaH2PO4
NaOH

H2CO3
Na2HPO4

Na3PO4
H2CO

NaOH

H3PO4

HPO4

NaO
H

H2PO4

Common ion effect

Common-ion effect describes

the suppressing effect on
ionization of an electrolyte
when when another electrolyte
is added that shares a common
ion.

Buffering Action
Original Solution
1.00 L of solution
containing
0.100 M NH3 and
0.200 M NH4Cl

Original
pH

Acid or base
added

New
pH

pH

0.020 mol NaOH 9.08

+0.13

0.020 mol HCl

-0.14

8.95
8.81

Notice that the pH changes only slightly in each

case.

PHBuffers

__________________________________________

Examples of pH buffers
include:
Acetic acid and sodium
acetate
Lactic acid and sodium
lactate
H3PO4 and KH2PO4
NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4
Na2HPO4 and Na3PO4
NH3 and NH4Cl

Buffer solutions
Solutions that contain both a
weak acid and its conjugate
base are buffer solutions.
These solutions are
resistant to changes in pH.

Preparing buffer
solutions

If we want to create a
buffer solution of a
specific pH, the H-H
equation tells us we
need to pick a
conjugate acid-base
pair with a pKa for the
acid close to the pH
we want, and then we
adjust the amounts of
the conjugate acid and

The most convenient

form of this HendersonHasselbalch
equation, is

 Example: Determine the pH in

which 1.00 mole of H2CO3 (Ka =
4.2 x 10-7) and 1.00 mole NaHCO3
dissolved in enough water to
form 1.00 Liters of solution.
[A-]

pH = pKa + log

[HA]
pH = -log (4.2 x 10-7) + log
(1.00M)/(1.00M)

pH = pKa = 6.4

** pKa of a weak acid can help

determine pH of buffer you will make if

HendersonHasselbalch
Equation
What is the pH of a buffer that is
0.12 M in lactic acid,
CH3CH(OH)COOH, and 0.10 M in
sodium lactate? Ka for lactic acid is
1.4 104.

2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Solution
[base]
pH = pKa + log
[acid]
(0.10)
pH = log (1.4 104) + log(0.12)
pHpH
= 3.85 + (0.08)
pHpH = 3.77
2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.

The pH shift problem:

If you add 2.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl to
100 mL of a buffer consisting of
0.100 M HA and 0.200 M NaA, what
will be the change in pH?
Ka of HA is 1.5x10-5.
pKa = 4.82.
The initial pH is: