Eng.

Rashid Sher Mohd,

M.Sc

INTRODUCING OF
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

Lecture Contents
Introduction
Reservoir Engineering Aspects in IOR and EOR
Immiscible Flooding (Waterflooding)
Miscible Flooding
Chemical Flooding
Thermal Injection
Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR)
Guidelines for Selecting IOR and EOR Methods
Design and Implementation of EOR Method
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Lecture Evaluation
Attending

= 10 %

Home Works

= 10 %

Presentation

= 05 %

Mid Test

= 25 %

Final Test

= 50 %
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References

Latil M, Bardon C, Burger J, Soureau P., Enhanced Oil

Recovery, Graham Trotman Ltd, London, 1980.

Van Poolen,H.K., Fundamentals of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Penn

Well Books Division of Publishing Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma,
1980.

National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research, (NIPER)

Enhanced Oil Recovery Information.

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Eng. Rashid Sher Mohd,

M.Sc

INTRODUCTION

HOW IF THE OIL PRODUCTION FROM

THE WELL OR FIELD WAS DECREASES ?

The definition of EOR

A method that use to recover the oil content when

the general oil production method no longer
efficient

OIL RECOVERY PHASES

Primary Recovery

NATURAL FLOW
ARTIFICIAL LIFT

WATER
DRIVE

DEPLETION
DRIVE

GAS CAP
DRIVE

GRAVITY
DRIVE

COMBINATION
DRIVE

SECONDARY
RECOVERY

WATER
FLOODING

PRESSURE
MAINTENANCE

IMMISCIBLE
GAS FLOOD

FLOODING

GAS LIFT

PUMP

TERTIARY
RECOVERY

MISCIBLE
GAS FLOOD

-CO2 FLOOD
- N2 FLOOD
- INERT GAS
- RICH GAS

CHEMICAL
FLOODING

- ALKALINE
- SURFACTANT
- POLYMER
- MICELLAR POLYMER
- ASP

THERMAL
INJECTION

MICROBIAL
EOR

- HOT WATER
- STEAM FLOOD
- INSITU COMBUSTION

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Natural or Primary Recovery Drives

Solution gas drive
Gas cap drive
Water drive
Gravity drainage
Combination drive

Gas
Oil
Water

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Secondary Recovery
Waterfloods and Immiscible gas
floods
No compositional or
temperature changes take place
in the reservoir except pressure
and displacement
Suitable for light oil, low
viscosity oil and low pressure
reservoirs

Injector

Producer

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Enhanced Oil Recovery

Cause physical, chemical,

compositional and thermal
changes in the reservoir rock
and fluids
Improve recovery beyond
secondary level

Injector

Appropriate selection and

design are important
Producer

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Typical Recovery Factors

Natural or Primary Methods
Heavy oil

5 - 15 %

Light oil: solution gas drive

10 - 25%

water drive, gas cap

20 - 40%

gravity drainage

30 - 45%

Secondary Methods
Waterflood

20 - 45 %

Immiscible Gas flood

15 - 40 %

Tertiary or EOR Methods

Laboratory tests

70 - 90 %

Field applications

45 - 75 %
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Incremental Recovery Factor

Incremental
Secondary
Recovery

Qo,
BOPD

Extrapolated
primary

Primary phase

Secondary phase

Incremental
Tertiary /
EOR
Extrapolated
secondary

EOR phase

Time or Cum. Production

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ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (EOR)

The main objective of EOR is to recover as
much as possible oil in reservoir / well
Aim at increasing the oil recovery over its primary
and secondary potential.
EOR methods involve injection of substances
which cause changes in compositions, temperature
and rock-fluid interactions in the reservoir.
In some cases, EOR Methods could be applied after
Primary or even at discovery.
Sometimes called Tertiary Recovery Methods. This
does not mean that EOR Methods have to be
applied after Secondary Recovery.
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IOR AND EOR MECHANISMS

Waterflood

Maintains reservoir
pressure & physically
displaces oil with
water moving through
the reservoir from
injector to producer.

Thermal

Reduces Sorw by steam

distillation and reduces
oil viscosity.

Chemical

Reduces Sorw by
lowering water-oil
interfacial tension, and
increases volumetric
sweep efficiency by
reducing the water-oil
mobility ratio.

Miscible Gas

Reduces Sorw by
developing miscibility
with the oil through a
vaporizing or condensing
gas drive process.

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FACTOR AFFECTING EOR

Reservoir Depth.
Reservoir Heterogeneity.
Remaining Reserves (RR).
Rock Properties.
Fluid Properties.
Reservoir Drive Mechanisms.

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IOR AND EOR MAIN OBJECTIVES

Goal of IOR and EOR processes is to mobilize
remaining oil reserves
Achieved by enhancing oil displacement and
volumetric sweep efficiencies
- Oil displacement efficiency is improved by reducing oil
viscosity (e.g., thermal floods) or by reducing capillary
forces or interfacial tension (e.g., miscible floods)
- Volumetric sweep efficiency is improved by developing
more favorable mobility ratio between injectant and
remaining oil reserves (e.g., chemical floods, WAG
processes)

Important to identify remaining oil reserves and

mechanisms necessary to improve recovery before
implementing IOR and EOR

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EOR IMPLEMENTATION STEPS

RESERVOIR

GEOLOGY
DATA

Type of Rock
Migration Direction
Bulk Volume (Vb)

RESERVOIR
DATA

Rock Properties

Porosity
Permeability
Saturation
Wettability
Capillary Pressure

PRODUCTION
DATA

Fluid Properties

Reservoir Condition

Oil Properties
Water Properties

Res. Pressure
Res. Temperature

Reservoir
Drive
Mechanism

Oil Cut
Water Cut
Remaining
Reserve

Screening Criteria

Selecting EOR Methods

Laboratory Study
Evaluation
Simulation Study
Pilot Project

Monitoring and
Evaluation

Full Scale

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