* CLASSIFICATION OF

ENGINEERING
SERVICES
The needs for professional civil engineering

services vary, and the civil engineering firms

that meet these needs vary in organizational
structure, size, and capability.

Services provided by Civil Engineers can

be grouped into seven broad categories:
1. Consultations, research, investigations,
and reports.
2. Design services for construction projects.
3. Construction services.
4. Special services for construction
projects.
5. Engineering support services.
6. Academic services.
7. Services as Employee.

Types of infrastructure under the domain of

civil engineering, pursuant to RA 544, include:

1.
Streets, bridges, highways and railroads
2.
Airports and hangars
3.
Port works, canals, river and shore improvements,
light houses and dry docks
4.
Buildings
5.
Fixed structures for irrigation, flood protection,
drainage, water supply and sewerage works
6.
Tunnels
The coverage of civil engineering has not been
changed nor diminished by subsequent laws.

1. Consultations, Research,
Investigations and Reports

These services deal primarily with

collecting, interpreting, and reporting
information, together with formulating
conclusions
and
making
recommendations. Typical services in this
category are:

Preliminary and Feasibility

Investigations and Reports

These
services
usually
precede
the
authorization of a capital project and may
involve extensive investigations, analyses of
conditions, and comparison of several possible
plans.

Planning Studies

These services may include the broad

areas of developing the engineering
requirements of master plans for longrange capital improvement programs;
preparation of preliminary engineering of
land development plans, urban plans, and
regional plans; and the investigation of
environmental conditions and preparation
of environmental impact studies with
subsequent engineering planning to
improve or maintain existing conditions.

Appraisals, Valuations and Rate

Studies

These services may include investigations

and analyses of existing conditions;
capital and operating costs; overhead
costs and costs of financing; and revenues
as needed to evaluate a property or to
recommend establishment of prospective
rates.

Assistance in Financial Matters

The Civil Engineer may be engaged by a

client who is planning to issue bonds,
particularly revenue bonds, to finance a
capital project

Materials Engineering and

Equipment Tests

These services include tests of materials

and equipment under established codes
and standards, specialized examination of
equipment and materials used in
construction and industry, and other
inspections and monitoring required by a
client.

Direct Personal Services

This includes services such as assistance in

preparation for legal proceedings.

Research and Development

Specialized investigation and gathering of

data from existing resources
a.) Development of new construction materials
and methods from concept to commercialization.
b.) Improvement of construction materials and
methods through exhaustive studies to reduce
total construction cost and at the same time
improve quality.

Special Services

These services can vary to suit special

needs of the client and can include such
diverse activities as:
Value engineering
Appraisal and valuation
Load testing
Environmental evaluations
Traffic engineering
Forensic engineering for structural and
other failures

Operational assistance
Materials process design
Pilot studies
Computer modeling
Safety engineering
Topographic, sounding and
boundary survey engineering
Toxic and hazardous waste
evaluation
Permit
and
application
services
Sales and marketing services
Expert witness
Representation of municipal
or private entities in projects
proposed for privatization

2. Design Services For Construction

Projects

Six standard phases of a construction project:

Study and Report Phase- analysis of the clients
needs, conceptual design, conceptual opinions of
probable construction cost.
Preliminary Design Phase- preparation of final
design criteria, preliminary drawings, outline
specification, and preliminary opinions of
probable construction cost.
Final Design Phase- preparation of design
calculations,
construction
drawings,
specifications, estimated construction cost, and
other contract documents.

Bidding or Negotiating
Phase- assistance to the
client with the bidding or
negotiating phases
assistance to the client with
the bidding or negotiating
process for construction of
the project.
Construction Phase- advice
and consultation on matters
related to his services.
Operation Phase- assistance
to the client in start-up and
operation of the project,
including periodic
inspections.

3. Construction Services

A registered Civil Engineer may engage in

construction contracting after being
licensed as a contractor by the
Contractors Accreditation Board.
A registered Civil Engineer may provide
the services of a supporting technical
employee as required of a construction
company.
A registered Civil Engineer may be
employed as a construction engineer,
resident Civil Engineer, project engineer,
quality control engineer, cost engineer or
engineer inspector in a project.

4. Special Services For Construction

Projects

Special services required during the

study, design, construction, and
operation phases of a construction
project may include investigations,
reports, and activities beyond the scope
of the basic services.

5. Engineering Support Services

The professional services described above

often require engineering support
services. Geotechnical engineering, for
example, frequently requires services
such as taking soil and rock borings,
excavating test pits sampling and
identifying soil and earth materials, field
and laboratory test and geo physical
measurement and observation.

6. Academic Services

These services involve full or part time

teaching or training of prospective
professionals and also the upgrading of
knowledge and skills of fellow professionals.

7. Services as Employee

This is a condition when a Civil Engineer

engages to perform work or fulfill duties
regularly for wages or salary being paid
by an employer.

*END