Pencemaran air

Ekologi Global & Pembangunan Lestari

Heavy metalsfrom industrial processes - toxic to marine life such as

fishand shellfish, and subsequently to the humans who eat them.
Heavy metalscan slow development; result in birth defects and some
are carcinogenic.
Industrialwaste often contains many toxic compounds - damage the
health of aquatic animals and those who eat them. Some of thetoxins in
industrial waste may only have a mild effect whereas other canbe fatal.
They can cause immune suppression, reproductive failure or
acutepoisoning.
Microbialpollutants from sewage oftenresult in infectious diseases
(such as cholera and typhoid feverbeing the primary cause of infant
mortality)that infect aquatic life and terrestriallife through drinking
water.
Organic matterand nutrients - increasein aerobic algae and depletes
oxygen from the water column. This causesthe suffocation of fish and
other aquatic organisms.
Sulfateparticles from acid rain cancause harm the health of marine life
in the rivers and lakes itcontaminates, and can result in mortality.
Suspendedparticles in freshwater - reduce the amount of
sunlightpenetrating the water, disrupting the growth of photosynthetic
plants andmicro-organisms.

Water pollution health impact

Air pasang besar Kapar, Selangor 19 Sept 2016 (Kampung Tok

Muda, Kapar, paras ketinggian air 100 milimiter (mm) hingga
250mm;

Taman Maznah, Klang (50mm hingga 250mm);

Taman Selat Selatan, Klang (50mm hingga
200mm).
Sementa, Klang ketinggian 50 hingga 200 mm;
Kampung Sungai Pinang, Klang (900mm);
Kampung Tok Muda, Pulau Indah, Klang
(900mm);
Jalan Klang-Banting, Pandamaran (900mm);
dan
Taman Selat Damai, Pelabuhan Klang (900mm).

Kelang

Kuala Selangor -pekan Bagan Pasir Penambang

dengan paras air mencecah 100 hingga 200mm
Pantai Remis pula mencapai ketinggian air
sehingga 5.6 meter.
Banting - Pantai Kelanang mencapai ketinggian
air sehingga 5.6 meter
Sabak Bernam - Kampung Sungai Air Tawar,
Tebuk Mendeleng serta Sungai Lang di juga
dinaiki air sebanyak 0.6 meter.
Pekan Tanjong Karang - turut dilimpahi air
setinggi 900mm

Kuala Selangor, Banting, Sabak Bernam,

Tanjong Karang

Perak

Bagan Datoh
Teluk Intan
Paras pinggang

Japan Earthquake & Tsunami

of 2011

9 skala richter
Ketinggian ombak 39 m, jarak ke daratan 10 km,
luas banjir 561km2
Kematian - 15,891, 2500 hilang
Sehingga 2015, 230,000 masih tinggal di
penempatan sementara
Lebih 5000 aftershock, paling tinggi 7.9 skala
richter
400 km persisiran pantai utara Honshu turun 0.6
m
Total damage 300 billion dollars

Tumpahan minyak

In the BP Oil Spill, more than 200 million gallons of crude oil was
pumped into the Gulf of Mexico for a total of 87 days, making it the
biggest oil spill in U.S. history.
16,000 total miles of coastline have been affected, including the
coasts of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida.
Even though the gushing well was capped in July 2010, oil is still
washing up on shores, which might cause long-term damages to
people living in the area.
The initial oil rig explosion killed 11 people and injured 17 others.
President Obama announced that his administration would create a
$20 billion spill response fund.
Tackle a campaign to make the world suck less.

Fakta tumpahan minyak BP

(Teluk Mexico 2010)

Responders used 5.5 million feet of boom, a barrier

placed in water, to collect and absorb oil.
Of the 400 miles of Louisiana coast, approximately 125
miles have been polluted by the oil spill.
A method of treating the oil spill is "in-situ burning" or
burning oil in a contained area on the surface of the
water, which has negative effects on the environment.
Over 8,000 animals (birds, turtles, mammals) were
reported dead just 6 months after the spill, including
many that were already on the endangered species list.
BP is responsible for close to $40 billion in fines, clean up
costs, and settlements as a result of the oil spill in 2010,
with an additional $16 billion due to the Clean Water Act.
Over 30,000 people responded to the spill in the Gulf
Coast working to collect oil, clean up beaches, take care of
animals and perform various other duties. As of 2012, the
Gulf was still polluted with oil.

How much oil was spilled?

Approximately 11 million gallons or 257,000 barrels or 35,000
metric tonnes (38,800 short tons). Picture the swimming pool at
your school or in your community. The amount of spilled oil is
roughly equivalent to 17 olympic-sized swimming pools.
How many miles of shoreline were impacted by oil?
Approximately 1,300 miles.200 miles were heavily or
moderately oiled (meaning the impact was obvious); 1,100 miles
were lightly or very lightly oiled (meaning light sheen or occasional
tarballs). By comparison, there is more than 9,000 miles of
shoreline in the spill region.

Exxon-valdez 1989

How was the spill cleaned up?

Complicated question. It took more than four summers of
cleanup efforts before the effort was called off. Not all
beaches werecleaned and some beaches remain oiled
today. At its peak the cleanup effort included 10,000
workers, about 1,000 boats and roughly 100 airplanes and
helicopters, known as Exxon's army, navy, and air force.It
is widely believed, however, that wave action from winter storms
did more to clean the beaches than all the human effort involved.
How much did it cost?
Exxon says it spent about $2.1 billion on the cleanup
effort.

Decade Share of total # of oil

spills
Average oil
1970s 55%
246
24.6
1980s 21%
93
9.3
1990s 17%
78
7.8
2000s 7%
33
3.3

Bilangan tumpahan
minyak 700 tan

oil spills
spills per year