PILHANRAYA DAN SISTEM

PENGUNDIAN
Dr. Rizal Yaakop

Jenis-jenis parti politik

Komunis~ PCF(Perancis), PDS (Jerman)
Sosialis~ Buruh(GB), PS (Perancis), SPD
(Jerman
Liberal ~ LD (GB), FDP (Jerman)
Christian Democratic~ CDU (Jerman)
Koservatif~ Torry (GB), RPR/UDF
(Perancis)
Lain~lain~ Green (Perancis dan Jerman)

Orientasi Politik

The social-democratic center-left parties/ moderate socialist and democratic ideology. Berasal dari gerakan buruh

Socialist parties generally the mid-1960s (New Left). Anti-capitalist globalisation

Communist parties mostly have their origins in revolutionary factions within the Social-Democrats (splits after the
October Revolution); a minor group originated from the New Left. They are adhering a more or less strict marxistleninist, trotskyist or maoist ideology.
Most green parties were founded in the late 1970s as part of the new social movements. They are ecological
parties based on values as peace, feminism, radical democracy, civil rights and social justice.
Liberal parties are based on the tradition of political liberalism, a movement of the 19th century. The principles of
liberalism include individual rights, equality for all citizens under the law and a free-market economy (sublabel:
social- and conserv.-liberal).
Centrist parties are defined as traditional parties which are in the centre of the political spectrum without officially
adhering liberal values.
The catholic social doctrine was the inspiration of the center-right christian-democratic parties. They combine
christian moral, democratic and traditional values with a social market ideology.
Conservative parties adhere to similar values, but they are often more liberal in economic matters. Most of them
originated from representatives of the nobility, the large landholders and the high officials (sublabel: liberal-,
national- and christian-conserv.).
Nationalist is a collection label for nationalist, populist, racist and authoritarian parties. This radical right-wing
parties are strongly emphasising national values.
Other (one-issue-) parties are defined as ethnic, religious-fundamentalist, eurosceptic, agrarian, regionalist or
separatist.

Spektrum Politik
Kanan/kiri tidak ada
Pengertian politik
Bermula di Perancis
1789

Komunis
Social Democratic
Parti Buruh (Blair)?

liberal atau radikal

Christian Democratic

Konservatif
Gaullist

Perbandingan Kecenderungan
Politik Kanan/Kiri
KIRI

Asalnya prodemokratik
Sosialisme/kebajikan
Globalis
Isu-isu sosial baru

KANAN:
Asalnya
antidemokratik
Kapitalisme/pasaran
Nilai tradisional
nasionalistik

Pilihanraya dan Sistem Pengundian

di Britain
Sistem Majoriti Mudah: 10 Downing Street.
Setiap Dewan ada 659 kerusi (8 ditambah tahun
ini)
Pengundi +- 69,000/kawasan. Parti perlu
menang 330 kerusi utk majoriti
Calon dipilih oleh parti dan tidak perlu
bermastautin di kawasan tersebut
Pilihanraya ditentukan oleh PM (5 tahun sekali)
Isu-isu pilihanraya (i.e. Peperangan di Iraq/
i.e.Eropah)
Manifesto/Isu

Manifesto Pilihanraya
Torry:
"What we
will do" involves
taxes, schools,
hospitals, crime and
immigration,
Europe will be buried
where it belongs

Labour: Promised a
referendum on the
European
Constitution to defuse
its explosive potential
on polling day.
Europe should be
seen as an
"opportunity" rather
than a "threat".

Tony Blair

Blair dan Brown

Cameroon

Pengaruh Eropah dlm Pilihanraya

di Britain
Even if Labour wins the General Election, losing
the referendum on Europe could signal the end
for Tony Blair, and possibly Charles Kennedy.
And even if he doesn't make it to Downing St,
winning the referendum would allow Michael
Howard to leave politics on top, or to hang on for
another election where more than a decade of
Labour rule could at last be reversed.

Pilihanraya dan Sistem Pengundian

di Perancis
Sistem Majoriti Mudah

Chirac

Pengundian dan Sistem Pilihanraya

di Jerman
Sistem Proportional atau bernisbah

Scotland
The left-wing "Scottish Socialist Party
(SSP)" split after internal struggles: A
minor faction led by former SSP leader
Tommy Sheridan left the party and
founded a new socialist party called
"Solidarity - Scotland's Socialist Movement
(SSM)". Two of its six MSPs joined the
new party [September].

Itali
The party federation "Rose in the Fist
(RnP)" between the "Italian Radicals (RI)"
and the "Italian Democratic Socialists
(SDI)" joined the center-left electoral
alliance "The Union (L'UNIONE)" led by
former Prime Minister Romano Prodi

Poland
The agrarian "Polish People's Party (PSL)"
split: A minor right-wing faction formed the
"Polish People's Party 'Piast' (PSL
'Piast')". Three of its four MEPs joined the
new party

Republik Czech
The non-parliamentary parties "Alliance of
Independents (SNK)" and "European
Democrats (ED)" merged. The unified
party, led by former Foreign Minister Josef
Zieleniec, is called "SNK - European
Democrats (SNK-ED)". The pro-european
and liberal-conservative SNK-ED is
represented by three deputies in the
European Parliament

Rumusan
Pilihanraya dan demokrasi
Isu Nasional, Eropah dan global dlm
pilihanraya

Blair, Schroeder dan Chirac