BiologyPartnership

(ATeacherQualityGrant)

Evolution

NancyDow
JillHansen
TammyStundon

April12,2014
GulfCoastStateCollege

PanhandleAreaEducationalConsortium

5230WestHighway98

753WestBoulevard

PanamaCity,Florida32401

Chipley,Florida32428

8507691551

8778737232

www.gulfcoast.edu

FloridaNextGenerationSunshine
StateStandards

SC.912.L.15.1Explainhowthetheoryofevolutionissupported
byfossilrecord,comparativeanatomy,comparativeembryology,
biogeography,molecularbiology,andobservedevolutionary
change.
SC.912.L.15.10Identifybasictrendsinhominidevolutionfrom
earlyancestorssixmillionyearsagotomodernhumans,including
brainsize,jawsize,language,andmanufactureoftools.
SC.912.N.3.1Explainthatascientifictheoryistheculminationof
manyscientificinvestigationsdrawingtogetherallthecurrent
evidenceconcerningasubstantialrangeofphenomena;thus,a
scientifictheoryrepresentsthemostpowerfulexplanation
scientistshavetooffer.

Clarifications
Studentswillidentifyevidenceand/orexplainhowthescientific
theoryofevolutionissupportedbythefossilrecord,comparative
anatomy,comparativeembryology,biogeography,molecular
biology,andobservableevolutionarychange.
Studentswillidentifyexamplesofandbasictrendsinhominid
evolutionfromearlyancestorstomodernhumans.
Studentswillexplainthedevelopmentofatheory.
Studentswillrecognizethedifferencesbetweentheoriesandlaws.

ContentLimits
Itemsassessingevolutionwillfocusonaconceptualunderstandingof
thesupportingscientificevidence.
Itemswillnotrequirememorizationofthenamesofspecifichuman
fossilsorthenamesofthedifferenthominidspecies.
Itemsassessingthefossilrecordmustfocusonthefossilratherthan
geologicformationsinisolation.
Itemsassessingthefossilrecordwillnotrequireunderstandingofthe
specificmechanismsusedforrelativedatingandradioactivedating.
Itemswillnotrequirethememorizationofthegeologictimescale,
includingera,period,and/orepoch.

 Itemsreferringtoadaptiveradiation,convergentevolution,
coevolution,orpunctuatedequilibriumshouldfocusontheconcepts
ratherthanonthedefinitionoftheterms.
Itemsreferringtothedevelopmentoflanguageorthemanufacturing
oftoolswillrelatethisdevelopmenttochangesintheskullorbrain
size.
Itemswillnotassesstypesofgeneticmutationorhowthese
mutationsoccur.
Itemsreferringtocomparativeanatomyandcomparative
embryologywillassessanatomicalsimilaritiessuchashomologous
structuresandvestigialorgansbutwillnotrequirespecific
knowledgeofembryologicstagesorstructures

 Itemsmayassesshowtheoverallcontributionsof
scientistssuchasDarwin,Lamarck,Lyell,Malthus,
Mendel,orWallaceaidedinthedevelopmentofthe
scientifictheoryofevolution.
Itemswillnotassessthedifferencesamongintelligent
design,creationism,andthescientifictheoryof
evolution.
Itemsassessingascientificclaim,thedevelopmentofa
theory,orthedifferencesbetweentheoriesandlawsare
limitedtothescientifictheoryofevolution.

 SC.912.L.15.13Describetheconditionsrequiredfor
naturalselection,including:overproductionof
offspring,inheritedvariation,andthestruggleto
survive,whichresultindifferentialreproductive
success.(MODERATE)
SC.912.L.15.14Discussmechanismsofevolutionary
changeotherthannaturalselectionsuchasgenetic
driftandgeneflow.(MODERATE)
SC.912.L.15.15Describehowmutationandgenetic
recombinationincreasegeneticvariation.(Moderate)

BenchmarkClarifications
Studentswillexplainand/ordescribetheconditions
requiredfornaturalselectionthatresultindifferential
reproductivesuccess.
Studentswillexplainand/ordescribethescientific
mechanisms,suchasgeneticdrift,geneflow,and
nonrandommating,resultinginevolutionarychange.
Studentswillexplainand/ordescribehowmutationand
geneticrecombinationincreasegeneticvariation.
Studentswillidentifywaysinwhichascientificclaimis
evaluated(e.g.,throughscientificargumentation,critical
andlogicalthinking,andconsiderationofalternative
explanations).

ContentLimits

Itemswillnotaddressdescentwithmodificationor
commondescent.
Itemsaddressingmutationandgenetic
recombinationinrelationtoincreasinggenetic
variationmustbeassessedinthecontextof
evolution.
ItemswillnotassesstheHardyWeinbergprinciple
orgeneticequilibrium.
Itemsmayaddresshowmeiosiscontributesto
geneticvariationbutmaynotassessthestepsor
stagesofmeiosis.
Itemsassessingascientificclaimarelimitedtothe
topicsdiscussedinSC.912.L.15.13,SC.912.L.15.14,
andSC.912.L.15.15.

TeachingEvolution

Responsibility
Communicateyourpassion
Tellgoodstories
Engagethestudents
Teachacomplextopiclikeevolutionthatiseasy
for12yearoldstounderstand,butnottoosimple.

Evolutionsurfacesthroughout
Nothinginbiologymakessense
abiologycurriculum;refertoit. exceptinthelightofevolution.
Dobzhansky
RichardDawkinstalkswithahighschoolstudent.

Teachingevolution
Keypoints:

Evolution:Decentwithmodification
EarthHistoryUsethe24hourclockanalogy
CharlesDarwinstartwiththestory!
Variation/mutation,inheritance,andselectionfinchesto
bacteria.
Speciationbestshownasthebranchingtreeoflife
model
Evidenceofevolutionfromradiometricdatingto
embryologicalevidence
HumanevolutionStoryofLucy,humanthumb
activity,skullactivity

LeeMeadows
TheMissingLink
Aninquiryapproachforteachingall
studentsaboutevolution.
Dontsayevolutionisjustatheory
Manystudentsfeeltheyhavetodefend
theirfaith.Relievethatfeeling.
http://leemeadows.blogspot.com/

Evolution

X
EvolutionisNOTlinear,
sowheredidthiscomefrom?

Evolution

IntelligentDesignisNOTinthestandards.Donot
approachthetopicORevenstateversus.Thisis
trulyNOTatopic,ortheplace,wherestudents
needtofeeltheyneedtodefendtheirfaith.

SurvivaloftheSneakiest

SurvivaloftheSneakiest
Discussionquestions
Whenitcomestocrickets,whatdoesfitness
mean?
Iscallinggoodorbadforacricket'sfitness?
Givesomeexamplesofselectionatworkinthis
cricketstory.
Howdoesselectionfavorcalling?Howdoes
selectionfavornotcalling?

Howlongcanafruitfly
survivewithoutfood?

SURVIVALOFTHEFITTESTONLYTHEBESTFLYWILLSURVIVE
ANDBEABLETOREPRODUCEANDPASSITSGENESONTOTHENEXT
GENERATION.ITISTHENSAIDTOBEFITTHISISNATURALSELECTION.

Numberofflies

AVERAGESTARVATIONRESISTANCE
Theaveragefruitfly
cansurviveabout20
hourswithoutfood.
AMORE
GENETICALLY
FITFLY

GENETICALLY
UNFITFLY

Hoursuntilstarvation

THEEXPERIMENT
=500fruitflies

Foodremoved
Foodreturned
Onlythemoststarvation
resistantflieslivetolayeggs.

1INITIALSETUP
Startwithacagethat
containsalarge
numberoffruitflies
(5,000),andremove
thefood.

2TESTING
STARVATION
RESISTANCE
Waituntil80%ofthe
Eggs fliesstarvetodeath,
thenreturnthefoodto
thecage.Recordthe
Newgeneration averagestarvation
resistancetime.

Canfruitfliesevolvesothatthey
canresiststarvationlonger?Can

weseeNaturalSelectionatwork?(YES)

3STARTNEW
GENERATION
Afterthesurvivingflies
eatabit,collecttheeggs
thoseflieslayand
transferthemtoanew
cage.

Numberofflies

Numberofflies

Numberofflies

THERESULTS
GENERATION1
Averagestarvationresistance:
20HR.
Hoursuntilstarvation

GENERATION2
Averagestarvationresistance:
23HR.
Hoursuntilstarvation

Experimentcontinuesthrough60generations.

GENERATION60
Averagestarvationresistance:
160HR.thisisevolution
(change)atwork

Hoursuntilstarvation

Overmanygenerationsofnatural
selection,thepopulationchanges!The
fliesnowresiststarvationmuchlonger.

THEEVOLUTIONSOFPOPULATIONS

THEREAREFOUR
MECHANISMSTHATCAN
GIVERISETOEVOLUTION:
1.MUTATION
2.GENETICDRIFT
3.MIGRATION(GeneFlow)
4.NATURALSELECTION

Greatlyandquicklyseeninisolatedpopulationslikethoseonislands.
Allelefrequencywillchangeovergenerations;situations/EVRwill
favoronealleleoveranother
Thosepopulationsatequilibriumarenotevolving
Specieswithmoregeneticdiversitywilladaptbettertoenvironmental
changes

Mutations
Rarebecauseyouhaveself
correctingenzymes
NaturalProcessthatproduces
geneticdiversity
Notallmutationsarebad
Somewontaffectthebodyatall

five
digit
s
wrist
bone

GeneticDrift

Bloodtypes/earlobes

Someareadvantageous
(thumb)

Randomselection.needaconstant
changeandvarietyofallelestosurvive

Migration
(GeneFlow)
NaturalSelection
ThreeconditionsforNStooccur:
1.Variationofthetrait
2.Traitmustbeinheritable
3.Oneversionisingreaterabundance
Evid
ence
!!

Eachmechanismchanges
theallelefrequency

u
n
i
m

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1

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Ge

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y
t

a
p
i
r

t!
u
do

Withyouripad/smartphonegoto
http://science.discovery.com/gamesand
interactives/charlesdarwingame.htm
OrgoogleDarwinevolutiongame
Ifyousurvive,letmeknow!

p
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w
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l
Fo

Spec
gene ieswithg
t
more icdiversi reater
tyad
easi
ly
a
envir tochang pt
onme
i
nts! ng

1.Whyisitbeneficialtohavediversityinapopulation?
2.Whatweresomeoftheselectivepressuresinyour
environmentthataccentedthesurvivalofsomeofyou
population?
3.Whatwereyoulookingforinthemutationlifelinetohelp
yourpopulationsurvive?
4.Basedonyourexperienceinplayingthisgame,doyou
thinktherehavebeenmoreextinctionsofspeciesthan
successesofvariousspecies?Explain.

Evolutiondoesnotworkthisway

Organismswithfavorablegeneticvariations
willtendtosurviveandbreedsuccessfully

Comparativeembryology:
Similarembryodevelopmentincloselyrelatedspecies
similar embryos, diverse organisms

C
A

V
I
T

Y
IT

InvestigatingHominoidFossils.

e
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a
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Co
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Eye
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bec
ome kets
sm
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Jaw
and sbec
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trud sm
e le a lle
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ss

HomologousandAnalogous
Structures
Homologousstructuresshow
evidenceofacommonancestor

!
y
t
i
v
i
t
c
A

Analogousstructures
haveasimilarfunctionbut
notacommonancestor.
Similarstructuresaredue
toacommon
environmental
pressure/need.

s
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c
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l
l
e
b

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l
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Je

HumanThumbActivity
Withthethumbcamethe
powerandprecisiongrips
useoftools!Anadvantageous
characteristicofmostspecies
inthegenusHomo.

The Most FIT!!!!

DogversusWolfCardGame

EvolutionThinket

 AdditionalResources:
UnderstandingEvolutionwebsiteBerkley

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/educators/lessons/lesson5/act1.html
http://www.elucy.org/
EvolutionofCetaceans

Nextslideformoreresources

OrDie!

TheNaturalHistoryMuseumpresentsTheevolutiongame
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/natureonline/evolution/whatis
evolution/naturalselectiongame/theevolutionexperience.html
Thisgameisallaboutnaturalselection,theplayerplaystheroleofa
youngbirdwhichmustsurviveinordertoreproduce.Youmusteat
enoughbugstosurviveeachseason,butthecolorofthebugschanges
dependingonwhichbugsareeasiesttofind.
TheBigPictureonEvolution
http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/stellent/groups/corporatesite/@msh_publ
ishing_group/documents/web_document/wtd026042.pdf
ThisteachingresourcefromtheWelcomeTrustisashortissueall
aboutevolution.Itexplainstheresearchandapplicationsofevolution
aswellasthehistorygreatforolderkids,orthoseinterestedin
learningmore.

Follow up

Q & A
Post Test