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Embedded Systems
An embedded system is a computer system that cannot
be programmed by the user because it is
preprogrammed for a specific task and embedded within
the equipment which it serves
It is a integration of hardware components as well as
software's to perform a dedicated function without
human interaction
Examples
Remote controls
Cell phones
Computer network equipments, Routers, firewalls, Printers
microwave ovens, washing machine
Disk drives (FDD, HDD, CD-ROM)
House hold appliances (ovens, wash, TV sets, DVD)
Inertial guidance systems (Flight control, missiles and aircraft)
Medical equipment
automobiles (electric windows, ignitions, airbags, brakes, suspensions)
Classification
Embedded Systems are Divided into Four Major
Categories:
Autonomous
Real-Time
Networked and
Mobile
Autonomous
Autonomous Systems function in Standalone Mode.
Many Embedded Systems used for Process Control in
Manufacturing Units and Automobiles fall under this
Category
In Process Control Systems the Inputs Originated
from Transducers that Convert a Physical Quantity,
such as Temperature into an Electrical Signals. The
Systems Output Controls the Device
In Standalone Systems, the Deadlines or Response
Times are not Critical
An Air-Conditioner can be set to turn on when the
Temperature reaches a certain level
Measuring Instruments and CD Players are examples
of Autonomous Systems
Real Time
Real-Time Embedded Systems are required
to carry out Specific Tasks in a specified
amount of time.
These Systems are extensively used to
carry out Time-Critical Task in ProcessControl.
For instance, a Boiler Plant must open the
Valves if the Pressure exceeds a Particular
Threshold. If the job is not carried out in
the Stipulated Time, a Catastrophe may
result.
Mobile
Mobile Gadgets need to store Databases
Locally in their Memory.
These Gadgets Imbibe Powerful Computing
and Communication capabilities to
perform Real-Time as well as Non-RealTime Tasks and handle Multimedia
Applications.
The Gadgets Embed Powerful Processor
and OS, and a Lot of Memory with Minimal
Power Consumption
More on Embedded..
Embedded systems is present in almost every Electronic
devices
There is Embedded Software inside your Watch, Cellular
Phone, Automobile, Thermostats, Industrial Control
Equipment and Scientific and Medical Equipment
Defense Services use Embedded Software to guide Missiles
and Detect Enemy Aircraft
Communication Satellites, Medical Instruments and Deep
Space Probes would have been nearly impossible without
these systems
Applications
Interactive Digital TV
Cable, Satellite and Terrestrial STBs
HDTVs
Digital Imaging
Digital Cameras,
Printers, MFPs, Scanners, Fax
Digital Audio/Video
Web-Tablets
Screenphones
Industrial Automation
Industrial Automation
Motion Control
Semiconductor
Manufacturing
Robotics
Process Control
Chemical
Steel production
Waste & water
Paper & pulp
Building Automation
Environmental controls
Security
Power Control
Generation
Power Distribution
Load Balancing
Demand regulation
Medical Systems
Radiation
MRI
Ultrasound
Instrumentation
Smart transducers
Recorders
Oscilloscopes
Microprocessor ?
Microprocessor
Microprocessor incorporates most or all of the
functions of a central processing unit (CPU) on a
single integrated circuit
Eight bi-directional data lines provide access to
a system data bus
Address bus
Control is provided by a variety of lines which
support memory and I/O interfacing, and a
flexible interrupt system
Three primary control bus lines allow the device
to identify whether the cycle in progress is for
RAM or I/O, and whether it is a Read or a Write
Microcontrollers
Microcontroller
Microcontroller components
Microcontroller
Speed
Limited speed
Cost
Expensive
Cheap
Instruction set
Complex
Simple
Connection
Usability
Then ?
Summary