Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Imbalances
By: Ms. Tanya Champion
Objectives:
Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be able
to:
1. List the causes of fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
2. Identify types of fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
3. Identify purpose of fluid replacement.
4. Identify clues of possible imbalances.
5. State the normal lab values related to fluid and
electrolyte imbalances.
6. Identify interventions delegated for treatment.
Clues to imbalances
1. Sudden wt. gain or loss
2. Sudden change in vital signs
3. Presence of any of the previously mentioned
conditions which may cause fluid and
electrolyte imbalances
4. Fluid balance records that show a
pronounced discrepancy between fluid Intake &
Output
5. Post-trauma or post-op condition
Lab Values
Normal Values in Plasma:
Na+ 135-145 mEq./L
K+ 3.5-5.0 mEq.L.
Ca++ 4.5-5.5 mEq./L or 9-11 mg%
Mg++ 1.4-2.3 mEq./L
Cl 98-106 MEq./L.
HC03- Adults 25-29 mEq./L
Children 20-25 mEq./L.
HP04- 1.72 - 2.6 mEq./L.
PR0 6-8 Gm./100 ml. (6-8 Gms.%)
pH 7.35 -7.45
Safety Precautions
High risk for falls due to changes in
vital signs, and mental status.
Reference:
Phillips, W.J., etal, (2003). Medical
Surgical Nursing: Heath and
illness perspectives (7th ed.) St.
Louis: Mosby.