Solid Waste Management

By: Amir Shahzad

COURSE SCHEDULE
Week
Module
6
Solid waste
management

Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of this week, the students
will be able to:
Differentiate the types of Solid
waste
Categorize the sources of solid
waste,
Collect and disposal of solid waste,

Solid waste
It is defined as
non liquid, non-soluble materials ranging
from municipal garbage to industrial wastes that
contain
complex
&
sometimes
hazardous
substances
Solid waste also include
Garbage
Rubbish
Demolition products
Sewage treatment residue
Dead animals
Manure and other discarded material.
-- Per capita solid waste out put 0.25-2.5 Kg/day

Solid Waste Definition and Classification

Any material which is not needed by
the owner, producer or processor.
Classification:

Domestic waste
Factory or industrial waste
E-waste (electronic waste)
Construction waste
Agricultural waste
Food processing waste
Biomedical waste
Nuclear waste
Sewage solids (sludge, biosolids,
compost, etc.)

Classification of wastes
according to their origin and type
Municipal Solid wastes: Solid wastes that include household garbage, rubbish,
construction & demolition debris, sanitation residues, packaging materials etc. are
managed by any municipality.
Bio-medical wastes: Solid or liquid wastes including containers, intermediate or
end products generated during diagnosis, treatment & research activities of medical
sciences.
Industrial wastes: Liquid and solid wastes that are generated by manufacturing &
processing units of various industries like chemical, petroleum, coal, metal gas,
sanitary & paper etc.
Agricultural wastes: Wastes generated from farming activities. These substances
are mostly biodegradable.
Fishery wastes: Wastes generated due to fishery activities. These are extensively
found in coastal & estuarine areas.
Radioactive wastes: Waste containing radioactive materials. Usually these are
byproducts of nuclear processes. Sometimes industries that are not directly involved
in nuclear activities, may also produce some radioactive wastes, e.g. radio-isotopes,
chemical sludge etc.
E-wastes: Electronic wastes generated from any modern establishments. They may
be described as discarded electrical or electronic devices. Some electronic scrap
components, such as CRTs, may contain contaminants such as Pb, Cd, Be or
brominated flame retardants.

source

Agriculture
Fisheries
Household
Commerce and
industry
MSW

Sources Of MSW

Residential
Industrial
Commercial
Institutional
Construction/Demolitio
n
Municipal Services
Process
(Manufacturing)
Agriculture

Solid Waste
Management
MSW Waste
management is the
storage
collection
transport and
handling
recycling
disposal and
monitoring of
waste materials.

storage
Storage:
- Galvanized steel dust bin
- Paper sack
- Public bins

collection
Collection
- House-to-house collection
- Collection from the public bins

Waste handling and transport

Waste handling and separation involves
activities associated with waste management
until the waste is placed in storage containers
for collection. Handling also encompasses the
movement of loaded containers to the point of
collection.
waste is transferred from a smaller collection
vehicle to larger transport equipment

Recycling
Recycling refers to the collection and
refuse of waste materials such as empty
beverage container.
The materials from which the items are
made can be processed into new
products.
Materials for recycling may be collected
separately from general waste using
dedicated bins.

Method of disposal
1. Dumping
2. Controlled Tipping or
Landfill
3. Incineration
4. Mulch and Composting
5. Manure pits
6. Burial

Sanitary

Dumping
Low lying areas.
Mainly for dry refuses
Unsanitary method
- Exposed to flies and rodents
- Nuisance
- Dispersed by wind
- pollution of surface water

Burying Wastes
Landfills most common method of waste
disposal - cheap and convenient.
Open pits no longer acceptable.
Complex impermeable bottom layers to
trap contaminants
Daily deposits are covered by layer of dirt.
Methane gas and leachate monitoring
wells

Sanitary Landfill

Sanitary Landfills: Trade-offs

Definition
ofTRADE
OFF
FOR
ENGLISH
LANGUAGE LEARNERS
A situation in which you
must choose between
or balance two things
that are opposite or
cannot be had at the
same time
Something that you do
not want but must
accept in order to have
something
that
you
want
a
balance
achieved
between two desirable
but
incompatible
features; a compromise.

Incineration
Incineration is the process of burning hazardous
materials at temperatures high enough to destroy
contaminants. Incineration is conducted in an
incinerator, which is a type of furnace designed for
burning hazardous materials in a combustion chamber.
Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into
ash, fly gas, bottom gas, and heat. The ash is mostly
formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste, and
may take the form of solid lumps or particulates carried
by the flue gas.
The flue gases must be cleaned of gaseous and
particulate pollutants before they are dispersed into the
atmosphere.
In some cases, the heat generated by incineration can
be used to generate electric power.

Burning Wastes
Mass burn
incineration
Air pollution
Waste to
energy

Mulch and Composting

Mulch is organic or inorganic material used to
protect areas where the soil is disturbed, or to control
growth of unwanted vegetation.
Organic material chopped or shredded into smaller pieces.

Composting is the natural process of decomposition

and recycling of organic material into a humus (which
is a rich soil amendment known as compost).
(Humus: The organic component of soil, formed by
the decomposition of leaves and other plant material
by soil microorganisms.)
Principal by products are: CO2 , Water and heat
End product- compost

Mulch/Mulch
mat
Amulchis a layer of
material applied to the
surface of an area ofsoil.
Its purpose is any or all of
the following:
1. to conserve moisture
2. to improve the fertility
and health of the soil
3. to reduceweedgrowth
4. to enhance the visual
appeal of the area

Manure pits
Mostly used in rural areas
Digging manure pits is to prevent the
refuses thrown around the houses.
The garbage, cattle dung, straw, and leaves
should be dumped into the manure pits and
covered with earth.
Two pits will be needed
In 5-6 months time the refuse is converted
into manure which can be returned to the field.

Burial

Suitable for small camp

A trench 1.5m wide &2 m deep is excavated
The refuse is covered with 20 -30cm of earth
When the level in the trench is 40cm from
ground level, the trench is filled with earth &
compacted.

Waste management concept

The 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) to be
followed for waste management.

reduce

Disposable goods: paper

paper bowl, Styrofoam cup,
spoon, roll of paper
towels, paper napkin; Durable
ceramic/plastic plate, metal
glass/plastic drinking cup,
dish towel, cloth napkin)

plate,
plastic
goods:
spoon,

Reuse
Instead of buying new containers from the market,
use the ones that are in the house.
Dont through away the soft drink can or bottle
cover them with home made paper or paint on
them and use them as pencil stands or small
vases.

Extends resource supplies

Saves energy and money
Reduces pollution
Creates jobs
Reusable products

Benefits of Recycling

Waste management hierarchy

There are a number of concepts about waste
management which vary in their usage between
countries or regions. Some of the most general,
widely used concepts include:
Waste hierarchy - The waste hierarchy refers to
the "3 Rs" reduce, reuse and recycle, which
classify waste management strategies according
to their desirability in terms of waste
minimization. The waste hierarchy remains the
cornerstone
of
most
waste
minimization
strategies.
The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the
maximum practical benefits from products and to
generate the minimum amount of waste .

Contd

4 R Concept
Reduction:-Prevent waste in the first place; by
eliminating waste at source through better planning and
design.
Reuse: Increase creativity on site Reuse materials
waste whenever possible; this is both cost-effective and
reduces waste to landfill
Recycling:- Ensure a good separation of waste into one-material
fractions that can be more easily recycled Enable segregation of at
least 6 fractions: Wood, Concrete, Gypsum/Plasterboard, Metal,
Plastic -soft and hard, Paper/Cardboard

Recovery: Energy Recovery can be an alternative, if

recycling is not available.

Topic of Presentation
1. Waste management of MSW
Faisalabad
2. Bioreactor Landfills
3. The 4R concept of spinning waste
management.