Talk on

Energy

forTomorrow

Contents

Energy Basics

Yesterdays Energy

Todays Energy

Tomorrows Energy

Energy??

the Capacity to Do Work

"ability of a system to perform work

 Forms

of Energy

Heat

(Thermal)

Mechanical
Electrical
Chemical
Light

(Radiant)

Nuclear

energy etc

Energy can be classified into several

types based on the following criteria:
Primary

and Secondary energy

Commercial
Renewable

and Non commercial energy

and Non-Renewable energy

Primary and Secondary energy

Primary energy sources are those that are either

found or stored in nature.

Common primary energy sources are coal, oil, natural

gas, and biomass (such as wood).

Other primary energy sources available include nuclear

energy from radioactive substances, thermal energy
stored in earths interior, and potential energy due to
earths gravity.

Primary energy sources are mostly converted in industrial

utilities into secondary energy sources;

for example coal, oil or gas converted into steam and

electricity.

Commercial energy

The energy sources that are available in the market for a

definite price

The most important forms of commercial energy are

electricity, coal and refined petroleum products

Non-Commercial Energy

The energy sources that are not available in the

commercial market for a price

Non-commercial energy sources include fuels such as

firewood, cattle dung ,agricultural wastes etc

Renewable and Non-Renewable energy

Renewable energy is energy obtained from sources that

are essentially inexhaustible

wind power, solar power, geothermal energy, tidal power,

hydroelectric power etc

A nonrenewable resource is a natural resource that is

consumed or used up faster than it can be made by
nature.

So A nonrenewable resource deplete with time

Eg: fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas ,nuclear energy

Yesterdays Energy??!!
For
Keeping

warm

Cooking

food

Light
Trade

What is Energy Used for Today?

Todays Energy?
Conventional

Energy -

Fossil

Fuels

Hydel

Power plants

Nuclear

the lions share

Energy

Non-Conventional

Energy

a small portion

Worldwide energy Consumption

Energy Sources in Kerala

Electricity Generation in Kerala 2014

Hydel 71%

Thermal 27.6%

Wind 1.3%

ENERGY UTILIZATION
Why Energy?
Keeping warm,
Cooking food,
Trade,
Light[ A ]

Up to 17th century
100% renewable

[ A ] + large scale
Trade + commerce
Corporations,
Devices
Empowerment [B ]

17th 19th
20% nonrenewable

[ A ]+[ B ]+ Higher
quality of life; Device
Centered Existence
Electricity
Dominant !!!
TRANSPORT !
20th & beyond
>90% nonrenewable

Todays Main Energy Source??

Fossil Fuel

Fossil Fuels
1.

Coal

2. Liquid Hydrocarbons- Petroleum (oil)

3. Natural Gas

HOW ARE FOSSIL FUELS MADE ???

Coal, petroleum and natural gas are considered nonrenewable

because they can not be replenished in a short period of time

Limited Supply

Limited Supply

 Limited

Supply- At projected consumption rates,

natural gas & petroleum will be depleted by the end
of the 21st century

Global

Warming - Burning fossil fuels produces large

amounts of CO2, which is the main green house gas

Impurities

are major source of pollution

For

e.g.; SO2 travels on air currents & falls with

precipitation as acid rain

Makes

one country rely on other countries for their

energy needs

Tomorrows Energy is

Renewable Energy

What is Renewable Energy?

Renewable resources are natural resources that
can be replenished in a short period of time.

A renewable resource is a natural resource that

can be re-made or re-grown at a scale comparable
to its consumption

RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Solar

Wind

Biomass

Water

Geothermal

OTEC

Tidal and Wave

Solar Energy

What is Solar Energy?

Energy produced by the sun

Clean, renewable source of

energy

Harnessed by solar collection

methods such as solar cells,
solar Collectors etc.

Converted into usable energy

such as electricity, heat etc.

Photovoltaic (solar)
panel

Set of solar panels

29

Solar cells
Solar cells (or photocells) turn light energy from the Sun
directly into direct current electricity.
Once the solar cell is built it produces no pollution and
requires little maintenance.
This makes solar cells
ideal for use in remote
locations where
maintenance is difficult
and other sources of
electricity would be
expensive.

Solar Energy Conversion Systems

Solar Photovoltaic System PV Cell

Solar Energy

Electrical Energy

Solar Thermal Energy Conversion System

Solar Energy

Thermal Energy

OR
Solar Energy

Thermal Energy

Electrical Energy

Cochin International Airport,

Kochi

12 MWp solar power plant

on 18th August 2015

comprising of 46,150 solar panels

laid across 45 acres near cargo complex.

producing 50,000 to 60,000 units of electricity per day

Serving energy for all its operational functions

make the airport

absolutelypower neutral

Solar power stations

Solar power stations use the energy from the sun to heat
water to make steam, which is then used to drive a turbine.

Some solar power

stations use a series
of mirrors called
heliostats to reflect
light onto a boiler.

Sandia National Laboratory/NREL

WIND ENERGY

Uneven heating of earths surface and rotation

Offshore turbines
coastal development

WIND FARM IN KERALA

Kanjikkod wind farm Palakkad District
Installed Capacity (9 x 225kW) : 2.025 MW
Attappady Wind Farm Palakkad district
Installed Capacity (33x600kW) : 19.8 MW
Plant load factor (plf) : 31.9%
Ramakkalmedu Wind Farm - Idukki District
Installed Capacity (18x750kW) : 13.5 MW
Plant load factor (plf) : 29.10%

BIOMASS

Biomass Sources

Conversion of Biomass

Direct combustion

Thermo chemical

Gasification

Pyrolysis

Bio Chemical Conversion

Digestion

Fermentation

Hydel Energy
Converts Potential
energy of water to
mechanical energy
and then to electrical
energy
One of the main
source of energy after
conventional energy
In india,
approximately 22% of
energy is from hydel
power

Water power

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Geothermal
The thermal energy
contained in the
interior of earth is
called Geothermal
Energy
Use heat to make
steam which rotates
turbine for electrical
generation

Conclusions

Renewable energy resources are the only solution for a

sustainable world

Solar energy is clean energy which makes no pollution,

no harm to environment

In remote areas, the only solution for energy is solar

power

Most of the Renewable energy resources are pollution

free and nature friendly

Solar, Biomass, Hydel and Wind energy has very good

potential and they are the fastest growing renewable
energy sources

SAVE ENERGY, SAVE EARTH

Thank you