BIOENERGETICS

Copyright Cmassengale

What is Bioenergetics?
The study of
energy in living
systems
(environments)
and the
organisms
(plants and
animals) that
utilize them
Copyright Cmassengale

Energy

Required by
all organisms
May be
Kinetic or
Potential
energy
Copyright Cmassengale

Kinetic Energy

Energy of
Motion
Heat and
light energy
are
examples
Copyright Cmassengale

Potential Energy

Energy of
position
Includes
energy
stored in
chemical
bonds
Copyright Cmassengale

Two Types of
Energy Reactions

Copyright Cmassengale

Endergonic Reactions

Chemical reaction that

requires a net input of energy.
energy
Photosynthesis

SUN

Light
Energy

6CO2 + 6H2Ophotons
C6H12O6 + 6O2
(glucose)
Copyright Cmassengale

Exergonic Reactions

Chemical reactions that

releases energy
Cellular Respiration

Energy

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O+ ATP

(glucose)

Copyright Cmassengale

Metabolic Reactions
of Cells

Copyright Cmassengale

What is Metabolism?

The sum total

of the
chemical
activities of
all cells.
cells

Copyright Cmassengale

10

Two Types of Metabolism

Anabolic
Pathways
Catabolic
Pathways

Copyright Cmassengale

11

Anabolic Pathway

Metabolic reactions, which

consume energy (endergonic), to
build complicated molecules from
simpler compounds.
light
SUN
energy
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
(glucose)

Copyright Cmassengale

12

Catabolic Pathway

Metabolic reactions which release

energy (exergonic) by breaking
down complex molecules in simpler
compounds
energy
Cellular Respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O +

ATP

(glucose)
Copyright Cmassengale

13

Cellular Energy ATP

Copyright Cmassengale

14

ATP

Components:
1. adenine: nitrogenous base
2. ribose: five carbon sugar
3.phosphate group: chain of 3

adenine

phosphate group
P

ribose
Copyright Cmassengale

15

Adenosine Triphosphate

Three
phosphate
groups-(two
with high
energy bonds
Last phosphate
group (PO4)
contains the
MOST energy
Copyright Cmassengale

16

Breaking the Bonds of ATP

Process is called
phosphorylation
Occurs continually
in cells
Enzyme ATP-ase
can weaken & break
last PO4 bond
releasing energy &
free PO4
Copyright Cmassengale

17

How does ATP work ?

Organisms use enzymes to

break down energy-rich
glucose to release its
potential energy
This energy is trapped and
stored in the form of
adenosine triphosphate(ATP)
Copyright Cmassengale

18

How Much ATP Do Cells Use?

It is estimated
that each cell
will generate
and consume
approximately
10,000,000
molecules of
ATP per second
Copyright Cmassengale

19

Coupled Reaction - ATP

The exergonic
hydrolysis of ATP
is coupled with the
endergonic
dehydration
H2O
process by
transferring a
phosphate group to
another molecule.
H2O
Copyright Cmassengale

20

Hydrolysis of ATP
ATP + H2O

ADP + P

(exergonic)

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

P

P
Hydrolysis
(add water)

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

21
Copyright Cmassengale

Hyrolysis is Exergonic

Energy
Used
by
Cells

Copyright Cmassengale

22

Dehydration of ATP
ADP +

ATP + H2O (endergonic)

Dehydration
(Remove H2O
P

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
P
Copyright Cmassengale

P
23

Dehydration is Endergonic
Energy
is
restored
in
Chemical
Bonds

Copyright Cmassengale

24

Review

Copyright Cmassengale

25

How many high energy

phosphate bonds does ATP
have?

Copyright Cmassengale

26

Which is true of photosyntheis?

Anabolic

or

Catabolic

Exergonic

Or

Endergonic

Copyright Cmassengale

27

The breakdown of ATP is

due to:
Dehydration

or

Hydrolysis

H2O added

or

H2O removed

Copyright Cmassengale

28

Which Reactions are often

Coupled in Organisms
Hydrolysis
Anabolism
Endergonic

or
BOTH

Dehydration

or

Catabolism

or

Exergonic

BOTH

BOTH
Copyright Cmassengale

29

Ready for the test?

If not, review and
try again!!!
Copyright Cmassengale

30