Computer Network

Syllabus of Networking in
Gate
Concept of layering. LAN technologies (Ethernet).
Flow and error control techniques, switching.
IPv4/IPv6, routers and routing algorithms (distance
vector, link state). TCP/UDP and sockets, congestion
control.
Application layer protocols (DNS, SMTP, POP, FTP, HTTP).
Basics of Wi-Fi. Network security: authentication, basics
of public key and private key cryptography, digital
signatures and certificates, firewalls.

What is Networking
A computer network is a system in which
multiple computers are connected to each
other to share information and resources.

Types of Network
LAN(Local Area Network)-Point to Point
Connection
MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)-a city, with
dedicated or high performance hardware.)

WAN(Wide Area Network)-A WAN is

geographically dispersed collection of LANs.

Figure LAN MAN WAN

Basic Concept of Networking

Concepts of Hubs, Switches,

Bridge

OSI Reference Model

OSI stands for (Open System Interconnection)
deals with connecting upon system that are open
for communication for other system.
According to ISO Standards, Networks have been
divided into 7 layers.
Each layer has its standards for function
complexity.

Architecture of OSI model

Function OF Each Layer

Physical Layer

Data Link Layer

Network Layer

Transport Layer

Hardware
Specification

Framing

Routing

Multiplexing/
Duplexing

Encoding and
signalling.

Acknowledgment

Congestion
Control

Fragmentation
and Reassembly

Data
Transmission and
Reception

Sequence
Numbering

Internetworking

Error Control,
Flow control.

Topology and
Network Design

Error detection ,
Retransmission ,
Flow Control.

Connection
establishment/
Release

Function OF Each Layer Conti

Session Layer

Presentation Layer

Application Layer

Check Authentication

Manage Abstract Data

Structures

Gains Access to network.

Establish and mention

Session

Compression

Make check Points

Encryption

Digital Signature and

Cryptography

Types of Error

Methods
1.Error Detection
2.Error Correction

Error Detection Method

Example of CRC

Error Correction
1. Backward Error Correction
. When the receiver detects an error in the data received, it
requests back the sender to retransmit the data
unit

2. Forward Error Correction

. When the receiver detects some error in the data
received, it executes error-correcting code, which
helps it to auto-recover and to correct some kinds of
errors.

Question asked in Gate 2014

A bit-stuffing based framing protocol uses an 8-bit delimiter pattern of 01111110. If the output bit-string
after stuffing is 01111100101, then the input bit-string is
(A) 0111110100
(B) 0111110101
(C) 0111111101
(D) 0111111111
Correct Answer: B

A broadcast channel has 10 nodes and total capacity of 10 Mbps. It uses polling for medium access. Once a
node finishes transmission, there is a polling delay of 80 s to poll the next node. Whenever a node is
polled, it is allowed to transmit a maximum of 1000 bytes. The maximum throughput of the broadcast
channel is

A) 1 Mbps
B) 100/11 Mbps
C) 10 Mbps
D) 100 Mbps

Correct Answer: B

Thank You For

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