Ca metabolisme

Bone
Tortora hal 188, edition 11

Membrane
Na- KATPase
Ion
Na

Ion K

Kadar Ca
Darah : 8,5 11mg/dl
Ion Ca dan berikatan dgn dgn protein

Tulang : 99 % dari total Ca

intracelluler

Elekrik pada Membran

The Origin of Membrane Potentials
Aksi Potensial
Listrik pada Membrane

Ion Channel Properties

Channel Kinetics
Ion Selectivity
Channel Blockers and Toxins

Nerve Impulse Encoding and

Propagation

Axonal Propagation and Myelination

Encoding of Action Potentials
Synaptic Transmission
Channels and Diseases

The electrochemical potential

Untuk apa pada mahluk manusia ?
is available to organisms :
Biosynthesis (respiration)
transport of metabolites (absorption and
secretion),
signaling processes (action potentials).

Action potentials :
control activity of cells (calcium signaling,
muscle contractility)
Mendukung komunikasi antar sel (release of
chemical signaling molecules; hormones,
neurotransmitters).

Channel Blockers and Toxins

Molecules interfering with ion
channel activity can exploit different
mechanisms.
Channel blockers menghambat ion
menembus membran.
Obat anastesi lidocaine tidak sakit
spider toxins conotoxins Ca-channels

Function
Blockers

Na channel
Tetrodotoxin

Activators

Chlorpromazine
Saxitoxin
local anesthetics
Batrachotoxin

K channel
Ca channel
Tetraethylammoniu Verapamil
m
4-Aminopyridine
alpha-conotoxin
Charybtotoxin
Diltiazem
local anesthetics

Pinacidil
Veratridine

Tulang normal
25 % air
25 % jaringan collagen
50 % minerl (kristal)
Ca3(PO4)2 + CaCO3 + mineral lain

hidroxyapatite

BONE
A connective tissue consisting of
bone-building osteoblasts, stationary
osteocytes, and bone-destroying
osteoclasts, embedded in a
mineralized matrix infused with
spaces and canals.
Ca : 99 %
vitamin

Macam sel pada tulang

OSTEOSIT
Sel paling banyak

OSTEOBLAST
Sintesis kolagen membangun

OSTEOCLAST
Resorption (breakdown)

OSTEOGENIC

Out put Ca
Mekanisme control
Vitamin D
Susunan tulang

Calcitriol is derived
from a metabolite of
cholesterol, 7dehydro-cholesterol
formed in the liver.
Non-ezymatic
breakage of the B-ring
by ultraviolet light
exposure in the skin
form cholecalciferol
(vitamin D3) which
may also be obtained
in the diet, e.g., in
vitamin D fortified
milk. Liver
hydroxylates cholecalciferol on the
sidechain to form 25vitamin D carrier protein in serum to the kidney. In hydroxycholecalciferol
the kidney the
carried
molecule can be hydroxylated once or twice more towhich
form is
the
activeby the
hormone calcitriol or the inactive metabolites 24,25dihydroxycholecalciferol or 1, 24, 25-trihydroxycholecalciferol. PTH
promotes 1 hydroxylation & activation, CT promotes 24 hydroxylation &

Sumber Ca
Tulang
Teri
susu

 MINERALS
Ca
P
F
Fe
Mg
Mn

Vitamin

The major
hormonal
target for
calcium
homeostasis
in bone is the
osteoclast
which can
mobilize Ca+
+ by
secreting acid
& proteolytic
enzymes onto
the bone
matrix
surface in
response to
stimulation
http://www.besthealth.com/besthealth/bodyguide/reftext/images/osteoclast.j
by PTH &
pg
CT blocks PTH (cAMP cascade) & calcitriol (nuclear receptor).
Sex
calcitriol.
steroids modulate bone cell activity; androgen stimulates bone
deposition, lack of estradiol causes bone loss.

Calcium ion
movement across
cells is shown. Note
that the cell forms
are more typical of
osteoblasts which
build bone and
usually transport
calcium toward the
matrix. An
osteoclast, as shown
in the last two slides,
would emphasize
degradation of bone
mineral & matrix &
would pump calcium
into the vasculature.
Dont believe
everything you see
in books!

Ca
renda
h

Kalsitriol
Vit D kalsitriol

Ginjal
1-alfa-hidroksilase
di usus, reabsorbsi

sekre
si
PTH

Absorbsi
di ginjal dan
kalsifikasi Ca di tulang
CKD V kasitriol turun hiperparathyroid
sekunder
Osteoporosis ?
PTH promotes 1 hydroxylation &
activation

Ca vs Phosphat
Ca turun phosphat naik

Hormon pengatur elektrolit

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Stimulates water conservation and the
thirst center

Aldosterone
Control Na+ absorption and K+ loss

Natriuretic peptides (ANP)

Mengurangi haus dan menghambat
pelepasa ADH dan aldosterone