The Birth of Star

A star is born when atoms of light elements are

squeezed under enough pressure for their nuclei to
undergo fusion. All stars are the result of a balance
of forces: the force of gravity compresses atoms in
interstellar gas until the fusion reactions begin.
And once the fusion reactions begin, they exert an
outward pressure. As long as the inward force of
gravity and the outward force generated by the
fusion reactions are equal, the star remains
stable.
Richard Brill
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-is-a-star-born/
 Nebula a cloud of gas and dust in outer
space.

How Stars
are Born?
HYDROGEN
a RAVITY
e all it takes
to cre te
STAR The Gas in Nebula consists of molecules of hydrogen
and helium. (but most nebulae also contain
atoms of other elements, as well as some
surprisingly complex organic molecules.)

IME
 The gas and dust inside Electrons are stripped off the
Gravity brings matter together
the ball bump into one atoms of hydrogen. The positively
another causing the charged hydrogen nuclei move
temperature to rise. faster and faster crashing into
one another so hard that protons
in the center or core of the nuclei
fuse (join) forming helium nuclei.

A great deal of energy pours out

of the core or middle of the ball
heating the gases. The heated gases
Expand the inward pull of gravity. The energy moves through the outer layers
of the ball and into space as electromagnetic
radiation.
Then, the visible light causes the ball to glow and a New Star is born!

Protostar
- is a very young star that is still
gathering mass from its parent
molecular cloud.
- an early stage in the formation
of a star.

http://www.slideshare.net/MMoiraWhitehouse/birth-death-of-stars-11551358/
What is a Quasar?

The name quasar is actually short for

quasi-stellar radio source or quasi-stellar object.
Are extremely distant objects in our known universe
furthest objects away from our galaxy that can be seen
extremely bright masses of energy and light
Gravitationally lensed quasar
Quasars in interacting galaxies
HE 1104-1805
Quasars are the brightest
objects in our universe,
although to see one through
a telescope they do not look
that bright at all. This is
because quasars are so far
away.

They emit radio waves,

x-rays and light waves.

Quasars appear as faint red

stars to us here on Earth.

http://www.kidsastronomy.com/quasar.htm
A quasar
- believed to be a supermassive black hole
surrounded by an accretion disk.

An accretion disk
- is a flat, disk-like structure of gas that
rapidly spirals around a larger object,
like a black hole, a new star, a white dwarf, etc.

A quasar gradually attracts this gas and sometimes other

stars or even small galaxies with their super strong gravity.
These objects get sucked into the black hole.
When a galaxy, star or gas is absorbed into a quasar in such
a way, the result is a massive collision of matter that causes
a gigantic explosive output of radiation energy and light.
This great burst of energy results in a flare, which is a
distinct characteristic of quasars.

http://wiki.kidzsearch.com/wiki/Quasar
Quasars appear to be a particular class ofactive galaxies,
and a general consensus has emerged that in many
cases it is simply the viewing angle that distinguishes
them from other classes, such as (quasars, blazarsand
radio galaxies). The huge luminosity of quasars is
believed to be a result of friction caused by gas and
dust falling into theaccretion disksof supermassive
black holes, which can convert about half of the mass of
an object into energy as compared to a few percent for
nuclear fusionprocesses.

http://encyclopedia.kids.net.au/page/qu/Quasar
 Different viewpoint of Quasar

Toward the Jet Toward the center Toward the Dust

(viewpoint was
called Blazar)

http://encyclopedia.kids.net.au/page/qu/Quasar
 The light, radiation and radio waves from these
galaxies and stars being absorbed into a black hole
travel billions of light years through space.

When we look at quasars which are 10-15 billion light years

away, we are looking 10-15 billion years into the past. Pretty
amazing, right?
 What is a Galaxy?
a system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas
and dust, held together by gravitational attraction.

There are three main types of

galaxies:
Elliptical Spiral Irregular
 Elliptical Galaxies
shaped like a spheroid, or elongated
sphere. In the sky, where we can only see two
of their three dimensions, these galaxies look
like elliptical, or oval, shaped disks.

Irregular Galaxies
have no regular or symmetrical structure.
 Spiral Galaxies
have three main components: a bulge, disk,
and halo

The Bulge is a spherical

structure found in the center The Halo of a galaxy is a
of the galaxy. This feature loose, spherical structure
mostly contains older stars. located around the bulge
and some of the disk. The
halo contains old clusters
of stars, known asglobular
The Disk is made up of dust, clusters.
gas, and younger stars. The
disk forms arm structures.
Our Sun is located in an arm
of our galaxy, the Milky Way.