Liquids Have No Shape Of Their

Own.
 HYD. CLASSIFICATION
Fundamentals

System Components

Hydraulic Uses

Exit
Basic Hydraulic Fundamentals
 Topics
Purpose.
Type Of Energy.
Benefits .
Hydraulics Principles.
Hydraulics Terminology.
DO I HAVE YOUR ATTENT ION? !
Purpose
Provide an understanding of basic hydraulic
principles, components & functions
Kinds of Energy
Mechanical
Electrical
Chemical
Fluid
Benefits of Fluid Power
Readily Transmitted Around Corners
Efficient
Speed
Cost
 Pascals Law
Pressure exerted on a confined liquid is transmitted
undiminished in all directions and acts with equal force
on all equal areas.
 Why We Use Fluid in Hydraulic:

Liquids have no shape of their own. Liquids are practically incompressible.

Liquids transmit applied pressure in all directions.

Assignment

Find ?
 HYD. PRINCIPLES
HYD: STUDY OF FLUID IN MOTION.
TRANSFER MECH.HP (ENGINE) TO

HYD.HP(PUMPS) TO MECH HP
AGAIN( ACTUATORS).
HYD :LINEAR & ROTORY MOTIONS
HYD. PRINCIPLES

Mech.Power

Hyd.Power

Controls

Mech.power
Principles of Hydraulics
Compressibility of Fluids
Pascal's Law
 Orifice Effect
Restriction in lines diminishes oil flow.

No Restriction Orifice offers restriction

Hydraulics Terminology
Pressure - force acting on area (psi)
Force - pressure times area (pounds)
Flow - movement of a fluid (gpm).
Area a measurement of surface space.
CONVERSION FACTORS
1 Liter / Minute = 0.2641721 Gallon / Minute
1 Gallon / Minute = 3,785412 Liter / Minute
1 Bar = 14.50377 PSI
1 PSI = 0.06894757 Bar
1 Bar = 100 kPa (kilo pascal)
1 kPa = 0.01 Bar
1 PSI = 6.894757 kPa
1 kPa = 0.1450377 PSI
1 cm3 = 0.264 Inch 3
1 cm2 = 0.155 Inch 2
1 mm = 0.039 Inch
Hydraulic System Components
 Topics
Hydraulic System Components.
Hydraulic System Components Functions.
Hydraulic System Components
Oil
Tank
Pump
Lines
Valve
Actuator
Filter
Cooler
Functions of oil
Cleans
Cools
Lubricates
Supports
Antifreeze.
Transmit power.
Tank
Stores fluid
Allows for fluid expansion
Helps Cool
Helps prevent cavitation
Hoses and Couplings
Connect system components
Transport fluid
 Hydraulic Hoses

Hose Types
1 XT-3 4 spiral Hi press. 2500-4000 psi
1. Inner tube
2 XT-5 4/6 spiral Hi 5000 psi
2. Reinforcement layer
3 XT-6 6 spiral Hi 6000 psi
3. Friction layer
4 716 One-wire braid Med/Lo 625-2750 psi
4. Outer cover 5 844 Hyd. Suction Med/Lo 100-300 psi

6 556 One-wire braid Med/Lo 500-3000 psi

7 1130 Eng/Air brake - Med/Lo 250-1500 psi

8 1028 Thermoplastic Med/Lo 1250-3000 psi

9 294 Two-wire braid Med/Lo 2250-5000 psi

 Hydraulic Hoses
Types of Hose Coupling
1. Crimp On permanent not reusable
all pressure applications

2. Screw Type reusable

Lo & Med pressure applications
Field-
assembled using hand tools
3. Collet Type reusable
Hi pressure applications
Field-assembled using hand
press
Coupling ends :
1. Flange type two different thickness ends for some given size hoses,
determined by maximum system pressure
2. Threaded connector type many different ends hose 1.25 inch
Filters
Clean system
Standard
Fine
 Fluid
Filter Classifications: Conditioners

11 22 33
1. Cartridge filter 2. Canister filter
1. Surface 2. Depth-type
3. Screen

Oil Flow Through Filter Filter Bypass Valve

Pumps and Motors
Pumps
Convert mechanical
energy to fluid energy

Motors
Fluid energy to
mechanical energy
1- GEAR PUMPS - CONSTANT FLOW
 Hydraulic Pumps & Motors
Gear Pumps

External Internal
Advantages : Disadvantages : Where used :
Simpler system Fixed displacement Engine oil pumps
Compact Input speed
design must be Transmission
Handle debris well increased to get pumps Low
Long life low more flow output pressure
cost High hydraulic system
horsepower
draw
2- VANE PUMPS CONSTANT FLOW
 Hydraulic Pumps & Motors
Vane Pump
1.housing
2. cartridge
3. mounting
plate 4.
mounting plate seal
5. cartridge seals
6. cartridge backup
rings 7. snap rings
8. input shaft and
bearing

Cartridge :
9.
support plates
10. ring

11. flex plates

12.
slotted rotor
13.
3- PISTON PUMPS VARIABLE FLOW
 Hydraulic Pumps & Motors
Piston Pump

Fixed Displacement

1. head 2. housing
3. shaft 4. pistons
5. port plate
6. barrel 7.
swash plate

Variable Displacement
Valves
Control direction, flow and
pressure
Directional
Check
Relief
 Pressure Valves
Simple Pressure Relief Valve
Cracking Pressure

Relief Pressure Setting

 Directional Control Valve

Valve Spool

Open Center Directional Control Valve

in HOLD RAISED Raise Position

 Flow Control Valves
Check Valve

With A Fixed Orifice

Variable Orifice
 HYD Control VALVES

Directional Pressure Flow

Cylinders
Converts hydraulic
energy to mechanical
force
Positioning
Actuating
Specialty
1- Single Acting Cylinder :

2- Double Acting Cylinder :

 Hydraulic Cylinders

Single Acting Cylinder Vertical Lift

Gravity Return
Operation

Double Acting Cylinder

 Hydraulic Cylinders

Seals
 OIL COOLING
Cooler
 SIMPLE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
1 7
8

9
4
2

3
5

1- Tank. 4. Relief valve. 7-Oil cooler.

2- Screen filter. 5- Control valves. 8- Lines.
3- Pump 6- Cylinder. 9- Oil (fluid).
Ways Uses Hydraulics
Implement control
Steering
Brakes
Thanks for your attention
The Time to GET
Knowledge
 Thank you
for your
attention !
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questions ?