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Prisons and
Jails
A Short History of
American Prisons
William Penns Great Law.
Pennsylvania, 1682.
Forbade corporal punishment, and envisioned
prisons as workhouses.
The Walnut Street Jail
Philadelphia, 1890
Silence and labor are the keys to
rehabilitation.
Suffers from overcrowding and excessive
costs.
A Short History of
American Prisons
The Pennsylvania The New York System
System Solitary
Silence and in- confinement leads
cell labor to insanity in
inmates
Constant solitary
Inmates are
confinement (the
separate system) allowed to work
together, while
Only human maintaining
contact is with silence (the
visiting clergy congregate system)
A Short History of
American Prisons
Reform:
The new penology
abolished
Inmates offered early release for
good behavior.
All inmates begin at level 2, and
through good behavior be assigned a
level 1 and released. Misbehavior sees
an inmate demoted to level 3 and the
sentence is extended.
A Short History of
American Prisons
Martinsons What Works? is
published in 1974, reporting that
inmate rehabilitation efforts
have been largely unsuccessful.
In the 1980s the get tough on
crime movement is in full swing,
bringing harsher sentences and
booming prison populations.
The Prison Population
Bomb
Factors in prison growth:
Enhancement and stricter
incarceration
Inmates are serving more time for
each crime
Federal prison growth
The Role of Prison in
Society
Three models of prisons:
The custodial model
Cell blocks/wings
Supermax:
30 prisons reserved for the
Supermax syndrome
Types of Prisons
Medium-Security Prisons:
House less dangerous inmates than
available
Types of Prisons
Minimum-Security Prison:
Designed for inmates who are a low-
security risk, such as non-violent
and first-time offenders (about 49%
of prisoners)
Inmates have more freedom to move
about the facility
Security is more relaxed, there are
no armed guards
Rehabilitative programming and
privileges are available
Prison Administration
hierarchy is vital)
May lack continuity of purpose
(rehabilitation versus
punishment)
Prison Administration
Governing Prison Populations:
Order
The absence of misconduct, such as murder,
assault and rape
Amenities
Comforts that make life livable, such as
cleaning living conditions, and good food
Services
Programs designed to improve inmates
prospects upon release
The Emergence of Private
Prisons
Private prisons are correctional facilities
operated by private corporations instead of
the government.