What is Hara? Hara is an indispensable element by plants. Hara is widely available in the groundwater Based on its role , nutrients are divided into : 1. Esensial nutrients 2. Fungsional nutrients 3. Potensial nutrients Esensial nutrients
Essential nutrients are indispensable
by plants to complete their life cycle. Elements that include essential nutrients are 16 elements, and lies in the periodic system of elements on the line Argon (Ar) is a line that connects with the C Ar. Essential Nutrients An element can said to be essential for the plant if : plants are unable to complete their life cycle (until its produce seeds that can grow) if these elements are not available. these elements are building blocks of a molecule or part of the plant that are essential to the survival of the plant. Eg N as the building blocks of protein, and Mg as a constituent of chlorophyll. Fungsional Nutrients
Functional Nutrients is the Nutrients
that if they are in the soil or medium can improve plant growth.
For example the element Sodium
(Na) can replace the role of the element potassium (K) Potential Nutrients
Potential Nutrients is the nutrients
that is often found in the body of plants Based on the amount needed by the plant, nutrients can be divided into 2 :
very large quantities Example: N, P, S (anion) and K, Ca, Mg (cations). Mikro Nutrients
This element needed by plants in
small amounts These elements include: BCl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn. Based on the source of absorption, nutrient separated into two sources
1. Absorbed from the air
2. Absorbed from the soil Absorbed from the air
Nutrients are absorbed from the air is C, O,
and S, which is derived from CO2, O2, and SO2, N uptake both from the air and from the ground assimilated in the process of reduction and amination. Nitrogen (N) in the air is absorbed from the free N2 through root nodule bacteria and NH3 absorbed through the stomata of the plant. Absorbed from the Soil
Absorption of nutrients carried by
plant roots. and taken from the complex uptake of soil or soil solution in the form of cations and anions. There can be absorbed in the form of a chelate that is bonding metal cations with organic compounds. DISCERN ENTRY PROCESS OF ION THROUGH THE NETWORKS OF ROOTS SYMPLAST AND APOPLAST Apoplast Transportation Transportation along the path consisting of the extracellular part of a living plant roots, ie the cell walls and the space between cells. water enters by way of osmosis. Simplast Transportation In this carriage, after entering into the cells of the epidermis roots, water and dissolved minerals moves into the cell ROLE OF MICROORGANISM (mycorrhiza) Symbiosis mycorrhiza Symbiosis is an intimate association between two organisms that are not related. Mycorrhiza is essential for mineral nutrition of plants because many threads fungal hyphae can utilize more land than the roots of plants, and thus the mycorrhizal association greatly enhances the absorption of minerals and water. Types of Mycorrhizae Based on how the infection to the host and the body structure, mycorrhiza divided into two types : 1. Endomikoriza 2. Ektomikoriza Endomikoriza
network of fungal hyphae into the
cortex cells and then form an oval- shaped structures called vesicles and branching hyphae called arbuscular, so endomikoriza also called vesicular- arbuscular micorrihizae (VAM). Ektomikoriza
network of fungal hyphae growing
among the root cortex cells because the network does not get into the cells, and forming "Hartig net" and coat on roots. General benefits from Mycorrhiza
1. Benefits in the ecosystem
2. Benefits for plants 3. Benefits for humans Manfaat dalam ekosistem
Role in nutrient cycling
improving soil structure and distribute carbohydrates from plant roots to other soil organisms Manfaat bagi tanaman
Increases plant growth.
Increases plant resistance to disease attacks the roots or the soil and root nematode attack Improving the ability of plants to absorb essential nutrients contained in the soil, such as elements of N, P, K, Ca, Cu, Mn, and Mg. Generate PGR (Substance Stimulants Body) on the root causes plants can thrive and not easily stressed when treated in different environments. Improve aeration in the soil Accelerate the development of non- pathogenic microbes saprofit around the roots so the plants can grow in a healthy and fertile.