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4)
Lecture Objective
Introduce basic experimental designs that
account for two orthogonal sources of
extraneous variation.
Terminology
Square design
Orthogonal blocks
Randomizations
Latin Square -1
Examples
Latin Square -3
Cold Protection of Strawberries
Field
Moisture
none drip over
Advantages:
Allows for control of two extraneous sources of
variation.
Analysis is quite simple.
Disadvantages:
Requires t2 experimental units to study t treatments.
Best suited for t in range: 5 t 10.
The effect of each treatment on the response must be
approximately the same across rows and columns.
Implementation problems.
Missing data causes major analysis problems.
Latin Square -6
Constructing a Latin Square Design for t Treatments
Latin Square -7
Basic Square
C1 C2 C3 C4
R1 A B C D
R2 B C D A
R3 C D A B
R4 D A B C
Latin Square -8
Randomization
C1 C2 C3 C4
Get a random
ordering of the R1 B C D A
rows.
R2 A B C D
1234 R3 D A B C
replaced by R4 C D A B
2143
Latin Square -9
Randomization
C1 C2 C3 C4
Get a random
ordering of the R1 A C D B
columns. R2 D B C A
1234 R3 C A B D
replaced by R4 B D A C
4231
yij ( k ) i j k ij ( k ) , (i, j , k 1, , t )
t
SSRow t ( yi.(.) y ) 2
i 1
t
SSCol t ( y. j (.) y ) 2
j 1
t
SSTrt t ( yij (.) y ) 2
k 1
SSE TSS SSRow SSCol SSTrt
Latin Square -13
Experimental Error
SSRow
MSRow =
(t - 1) MSTrt
Ftrt ~ F( t 1),( t 1)( t 2 )
SSCol MSE
MSCol = MSRow
(t - 1) Frow ~ F( t 1),( t 1)( t 2 )
MSE
SSTrt MSCol
MSTrt = Fcol ~ F( t 1),( t 1( t 2 )
(t - 1) MSE
SSE
MSE =
((t - 1)(t - 2)
We reject the null hypothesis of no main effect if the value of
the F-statistic is greater than the 100(1-)th percentile of the F
distribution with degrees of freedom specified above.
Latin Square -15
Latin Square Example
Sum of
Source DF Squares Mean Square F Value Pr > F
Model 6 5840.000000 973.333333 1.20 0.5205
Error 2 1621.555556 810.777778
Corrected Total 8 7461.555556
Response: weight
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
factor(row) 2 817.56 408.78 0.5042 0.6648
factor(column) 2 2616.22 1308.11 1.6134 0.3826
factor(irrig) 2 2406.22 1203.11 1.4839 0.4026
Residuals 2 1621.56 810.78