Course : S0442 - Construction Method

Year : February 2011

Introduction to Construction Method

Session 1
 Site Lay Out
Material procurement, sequencing of operations,
site logistics, project schedule, as well as the
technical aspect of the project are critical
drivers in selecting equipment for building
projects
Job-site lay out impacts the ability of the general
contractor and the subcontractors to operate
effectively and efficiently

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3
 Site Lay Out
A contractor must consider many factors when laying
out a site to support construction operations :
1. Site size compared to building size and configuration
2. Location of adjacent roads, buildings and utilities
3. Soil conditions and excavation requirements
4. Constructions sequence and schedule
5. Location of utilities
6. Equipment requirements
7. Material quantity

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4
 Site Lay Out (contd)
8. Worker parking
9. Tool and equipment storage
10.Constructions operations facilities and trailers
11.Sanitary facilities

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 Early Coordination
While preparing bids, the general contractor will define
subcontractor work packages and seek subcontractor
price
The subcontractors will, in turn, seek lower tier
subcontractors to perform even more specialized work
The general contractors will often require that the major
subcontractors provide input for the preliminary project
schedule and job-site lay out
The job-site lay out is key in enabling the subcontractors
to operate effectively and efficiently

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6
 Bid Package
The bid package given to each contractor by the
project owner will usually include information
related to :
1. Scope of work
2. Job-site conditions and site layout
3. Space limitations
4. Allowable temporary facilities

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7
 Lifting and Support Equipment
Some typical equipment used for concrete or
structural steel erection includes :
1. Cranes
2. Manlifts
3. Generator
4. Welding equipment
5. Air compressor

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8
 Delivery of Structural Components
Structural steel and precast concrete members are usually
delivered to the job site by the truckload
Concrete member are usually lifted from the truck and placed
directly in the structure
It is common practice, however, to unload the steel from the
trucks and place it in a laydown area
There will usually be several truck loads of steel in the laydown
area at one time to prevent interruption of the erection work
The size and location of the laydown area are important factors
to be considered with structural steel erection

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9
 Lighting
Lighting of the work area is important for both quality and
safety
The step to follow in developing a lighting plan are :
1. Assess the work zone to be iluminated
2. Select the type of light source
3. Determine recommended lighting levels
4. Select lighting fixture locations
5. Determine luminaire wattage
6. Select luminaire and aiming points
7. Check for adequacy and glare

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10
 Dust
Dust control plan should cover :
1. Earthwork
2. Disturbed surface areas
3. Open storage stockpiles
4. Unpaved roads
5. Paved road track out
6. Hauling
7. Demolition
8. Work limits during high winds

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11
 Vibration
Construction activities can cause varying degrees
of vibration that spread through the ground
Humans and animals are very sensitive to
vibration, especially in the low frequency range (1
100 Hz)
Vibrations from construction work are normally
the result of blasting, impact pile driving,
demolition, drilling or the use of vibratory rollers

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12
 Surveying
Surveying is the earliest and important stages in a
construction project.
This work is handle by a surveyor
According to the work of a surveyor, then this job will not
vary much with the work of a draftsman (drafter)
Judging from the results of both these professions then a
surveyor and a drafter will be the same result, ie both
draw floor plans of a building
The difference is, a drafter make a floor plans on a paper
while a surveyor make a floor plans directly on job-site

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13
 Surveying (contd)
Drafter usually use scale of 1 : 100, while a
surveyor use scale of 1 : 1
Due to 1 : 1 scale, so this preliminary work is an
important work, which will influence the overalll of
project construction
As the media to put the results of field
measurements to distinguish between high and
low buildings, highrise buildings use benchmark
(patok bangunan), while a lowrise building use
bouwplank (papan bangunan)

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 Bouwplank

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 1 2 3 4

F F
Gudang
E E
Bouwplank Dapur

for Lowrise D D

Building Ruang Makan Kamar

Tidur

C C
WC
B B
Ruang
Tidur Kamar
Tidur

A A

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1 2 16 3 4 16
 Benchmark
1
for 2Highrise
3
Building
4

F F
Gudang
E E

Dapur

D D
Patok Bangunan D
Ruang Makan Kamar
Tidur

C
C
WC
B B
Ruang
Tidur Kamar
Tidur

A A

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17 17
1 2 3 4