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MSE 528
solid-state solution of one or more solutes in a solvent.
The solute may incorporate into the solvent crystal lattice substitutionally, by
replacing a solvent particle in the lattice, or interstitially, by fitting into the space
between solvent particles.
Both of these types of solid solution affect the properties of the material by
distorting the crystal lattice and disrupting the physical and electrical homogeneity
of the solvent material.
Some mixtures will readily form solid solutions over a range of concentrations,
while other mixtures will not form solid solutions at all. The propensity for any two
substances to form a solid solution is a complicated matter involving the chemical,
crystallographic, and quantum properties of the substances in question.
Solid solutions, in accordance with the Hume-Rothery rules, may form if the solute
and solvent have:
Similar atomic radii (15% or less difference)
Same crystal structure
Similar electronegativities
Similar valency
The Hume-Rothery rules are a set of basic rules describing the conditions
under which an element could dissolve in a metal, forming a solid solution.
There are two sets of rules, one which refers to substitutional solid solutions,
and another which refers to interstitial solid solutions.