Biology Basics

Academic Challenge 2012-2013

Mitosis
Cell Replication
Five Main Stages:
Interphase
Prophase
(Prometaphase)
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
(Cytokinesis)
Occurs in Somatic Cells (Body Cells)
PMAT
Interphase
Performs normal duties
Metabolic Activities
DNA duplicates to prepare for mitosis
Chromosomes not clearly discerned
Prophase
Chromatin in the nucleus
condenses and becomes
visible by microscope
Nuclear membrane
dissolves
Proteins attach to
centromere creating
kinetochores
Microtubules attach to
kinetochores
Chromosomes being to
shift
Metaphase
Spindle fibers align chromosomes at center
Metaphase Plate is Chromosome Line
Creating the Metaphase Plate allows the
new cells to have equal copies of
chromosomes
Anaphase
Paired chromosomes
separate
Chromosomes shift to
opposite sides of cell
Movement occurs as a
result of kinetochore
movement and polar
microtubules interaction
Telophase
Membranes form
around daughter
nuclei
Chromosome
disperse and
become invisible
to microscope
Possible
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis
Splitting of Daughter Cells
Meiosis
Gametes (egg and sperm cells)
Mitosis and Meiosis are similar
2n (diploid cells) create 1n (haploid cells)
Organelles and their
Functions
Nucleus Control Center
Mitochondria Power Plant ATP
Golgi Apparatus Post Office
Endoplasmic Reticulum Roadway
Ribosomes Protein Producers
Lysosomes Garbage Trucks
Peroxisomes Poison Help
Microtubules Bones of the Cell (Structure
Cilia Absorption
Flagella - Movement
Hierarchy of Biological Classification
Eleven Body Systems
INEEDMICSRR
Integumentary Skin
Nervous Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves
Endocrine Glands, Hormones
Exocrine Urinary Bladder, Waste Release
Digestive Food Tube
Muscular Movement
Immune Bodys Defense
Cardiovascular Heart, Arteries, Blood
Skeletal Support, Structure
Respiratory Lungs, Breathing
Reproductive Sex Organs
Questions
1. During what phase of Mitosis does the cell
begin to divide?
2. What is cytokinesis?
3. What is the function of Peroxisomes?
4. What is the function of Lysosomes?
5. What system is responsible for digestion?
6. Name the I systems of the body.
7. What is the number of cells at the end of
Meiosis?
8. What occurs during Telophase?
9. How many systems are in the body?
 Questions
1. What is the smallest classification?
2. Is phylum higher than genius?
3. Name the function of the Golgi Apparatus
4. Name the function of the Ribosomes
5. Name the function of the Respiratory
System
6. Name the function of the Endocrine
System
7. Skin is the largest organ of what system?
8. State the pneumonic for the systems.
9. PMAT is for what biological event?
Questions
1. What occurs during Metaphase?
2. What is Interphase?
3. Mitosis only occurs in what type of cells?
4. Meiosis only occurs in what type of cells?
5. Somatic is another name for what?
6. Name the Function of Cilia.