HYPOTHES a prediction of some sort

regarding the possible outcomes

IS of a study

Directional
V
NonDirectional
S
- specific direction that - no specific
researcher expects to prediction for the
emerge study outcome
- based on founded
literature, personal
experience, or the
experience of
others
 Criteria for Good
Hypotheses

expected relationship between variables is stated

have definite reasons based on theories or

evidences
should be testable

should be brief as possible consistent with clarity

 Literature Review
helps researchers glean the ideas of others
Value interested in a particular research question
lets them see what the results other similar or
related studies of the question have been

Recommend suitable methods

Limit the problem area
Define the problem
Search for new approaches
Purpose
Avoid unnecessary repetition

Sample current opinions

 A GENERAL PLAN FOR OBTAINING
LITERATURE

PRIMARY
SECONDARY SOURCES
KEYWORDS CONSULTATION PRELIMINARY SOURCES
SOURCES - locate
compile a list of S - locate research
related key consult the using the key textbooks, reports written
word and terms librarian for words check articles etc specifically
that relate the preliminary about the
information - check
specifically sources for research
ensure that the discuss the references: secondary problem.
list is research catalogue sources for
- check other
exhaustive problem with indexes relevance primary
cross reference specialists abstracts and sources for
terms/descripto and/or bibliographies background information on
rs colleagues annotated information research
bibliographies design and
methodology.
ESEARCH DESIGN Basic Concept
Research design is the plan and structure of investigation
so conceived as to obtain answers to research questions.
A structure is the framework, organization or
configuration of elements of the structure
related in specified ways.
The plan is the overall scheme or program of
research.
to provide answers to research
Purposes
question
to control variance
Research design are invented to enable researchers to
answer research questions as validly, objectively, accurately,
and economically as possible
Corelation Research Historical
Grounded Theory Survey
Types

Ethnography Observational
Case study Causal-comparative
Phenomenolo
gy
Experimental
 RESEARCH
INSTRUMENT

CONSTRUCTING THE RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

Search for an Criteria
LookInstrument
in published journal the most recent and
articles and examine the updated copy of an
references instrument
Run an online search process
provides good and consistent
to locate available resources
measures
and studies
Examine guides to tests and
instruments that are reliable and valid
available commercially