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COPD

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE


COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary


Disease

A progressive disease that affects the


lungs, making it difficult to breathe
COPD: AN UMBRELLA TERM

Umbrella term used to describe progressive


lung diseases which include:

Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Refractory (irreversible) asthma
Severe bronchiectasis
COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is


a lung ailment that is characterized by a
persistent blockage of airflow from the lungs.

It is an under-diagnosed, life-threatening lung


disease that interferes with normal breathing and
is not fully reversible.
UNDERSTANDING COPD

Critical to first understand normal lung function

Image courtesy of The National Institute of health


LUNG STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Biological Science Freeman, 2010


LUNGS WITH COPD

Image courtesy of The National Institute of health


CAUSES

Most cases of COPD occur as a result of long-term


exposure to lung irritants that damage the lungs
and the airways

The most common irritant that causes COPD is


cigarette smoke

In rare cases, a genetic condition calledalpha-1


antitrypsin deficiencymay play a role in causing
COPD
WHO IS AT RISK?

People who smoke or are exposed to smoke

People who have a family history of COPD are more


likely to develop the disease if they smoke

Long-term exposure to other lung irritants also is a


risk factor for COPD

Almost 90% of COPD deaths occur in low- and


middle-income countries, where effective strategies
for prevention and control are not always
implemented or accessible.
SYMPTOMS

breathlessness
abnormal sputum (a mix of saliva and mucus in
the airway)
a chronic cough
daily activities can become very difficult as the
condition gradually worsens
DIAGNOSIS

A simple diagnostic test called "spirometry


measures how much air a person can inhale and
exhale, and how fast air can move into and out of
the lungs

Spirometry can detect


COPD long before its
Symptoms appear.
TREATMENT

COPD has no cure

Quitting smoking is the most important step an


individual can take to treat COPD

Other treatments for COPD may include


medicines, vaccines, pulmonary rehabilitation
(rehab),oxygen therapy, and surgery
MANAGING COPD

COPD symptoms usually slowly worsen over time

A cold, the flu, or a lung infection may cause


symptoms to intensify

Prescription antibiotics may treat infections and


other medicines, such as bronchodilators and
inhaled steroids, can help facilitate breathing
MANAGING COPD

Avoid lung irritants

Get ongoing care

Manage the disease and its symptoms

Prepare for emergencies

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