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Categories of e-commerce
A shopping cart
A payment gateway
A merchant account
The Shopping Cart
The shopping cart is a software
what keeps track of the products your customers want to
purchase.
It is the software that powers the "Add to Cart" buttons that
you have probably seen on many e-commerce websites.
There are hundreds of popular shopping cart programs to
choose from.
Think of the shopping cart as the cashier.
It is their job to figure out how much money you are
supposed to pay
The Payment Gateway
When you go to a gas station and pay with your credit
card,
The attendant swipes your card through a payment
terminal.
The payment gateway does the same job as that little
electronic device,
except because it's an online transaction the credit card
is not physically swiped through a terminal.
The payment gateway will electronically contact the
customers card issuing bank and check to see if they
have sufficient credit to pay for the sale.
If so, the card issuing bank will return an authorization
and the funds will be debited from the customers credit
card balance.
When those funds are captured from the customers
credit card account, then this money must go
somewhere.
This will go to the merchant account.
Payment Gateways:
where he/she is asked to provide the credit card details and the
shipping details.
After clicking the Submit Form button at the bottom of the
form(s) all the data is encrypted (SSL 128-bit) by the
cardholders web-browser,
A key is generated and passed on, along with the details,
to the e-Commerce merchants payment gateway.
There are two main category types when it comes to credit card
processing.
They are "swiped" and "keyed."
Under these categories, you have several different methods or ways of
processing that information.
Swiped is referred to as when you have the customer in person and
swipe their credit card.
Keyed is referring to when you take the information over the phone,
Internet or by fax.
"Swiped"
Order Placed
Authorization Request
Authorization Response
Order fulfilled
Settlement request
Settlement Deposited
Payments on Internet
Virtual Pin
Virtual PIN, started in 1994 by a company called First Virtual
Holding, was a system for making credit card payments over the
Internet without exposing the credit card number to the
merchant.
. It required no special software for a customer to make a
purchase.
To enroll, a customer gives their credit card information and their
e-mail address to the First Virtual (this was done by phone).
After the credit card information has been verified, the customer
receives their PIN by e-mail.
The procedure for purchasing an item using Virtual PIN is as follows:
The customer gives the merchant their Virtual PIN.
The merchant sends the Virtual PIN and the amount of transaction
to First Virtual.
First Virtual sends an e-mail to the customer asking to confirm the
purchase.
The customer answered "Yes", "No", or "Fraud".
If the answer is "Yes", the merchant is informed that the charge
has been accepted. If "No", the charge is declined. If the answer is
"Fraud", the charge is investigated.
Even though no encryption was involved, anybody could
not use a virtual PIN without being able to intercept and
answer the e-mail message to confirm the purchase.
Unlike credit cards which carry the customer's name,
Virtual PIN provided a customer's anonymity from the
merchant.
The e-mail confirmation of the transaction served as a
protection against merchant's fraud.
Unfortunately, while the system has been created for all
kinds of online business, the main use of Virtual PIN at
the time was for buying and selling pornography.
. Virtual PIN tried to disassociate itself from this market.
Eventually the company abandoned the Virtual PIN and
became specialized in sending promotional e-mail.
DigiCash (or E-cash)
Add a message (if you want to), then click Send Money.
Paypal will send the recipient an email to let them know that you sent them money. If they
dont have a PayPal account, we explain how to sign up for one. PayPal members must confirm
their email address before the money will be credited to their PayPal account.
When you send money, Paypal use your PayPal balance first. If you dont have enough money
in your PayPal balance, paypal will use the payment method you select.
PayPal acts as the middleman holder of money.
How will the person who paid know that I got theirpayment?
A notification of payment will go to the email address
PayPal Requirements
PayPal is Free for Buyers and for Sending Money to Someone Else.
Once a buyer sets up a Paypal account, then it costs nothing to send money to
a vendor. The funds are withdrawn from the user's credit card or bank account,
or both. PayPal does not charge buyers to send money.
PayPal Commonly Charges Money from Receivers (Sellers) :PayPal will
only charge you to receive funds(money is received by the seller so paypal only
charge from seller not the buyer but for using paypal buyer
If you are sending money to a friend or family member (someone who is not a
registered seller), you can opt to pay for the PayPal surcharge yourself.
Secure Electronic Transaction
An application-layer security mechanism, consisting
of a set of protocols.
Protect credit card transaction on the Internet.
Companies involved: MasterCard, Visa, IBM,
Microsoft, Netscape, RSA, CyberCash, NetBill
Not an ordinary payment system.
It has a complex technical specification
SET Business
Requirements
Provide confidentiality of payment and
ordering information.
Ensure the integrity of all transmitted data.
Provide authentication that a cardholder is
a ultimate user of a credit card account
Provide authentication that a merchant can
accept credit card transactions through its
relationship with a financial institution
Secure Electronic Transaction (SET): Protocol
Vendors,
Customers,
and Brokers.
--> medicate between vendors and customers to simplify the tasks they
perform.
--> buy and produce large chunks of vendor Scrips (for licensed vendors)
Vendors: --> are merchants selling low-value services or
information to customers.
Customer Dealer
3
1. Customer sends broker-scripts.
Internet
1 2. Customer gets dealer-script.
2
3. Customer send dealer-scripts.
Broker
Customer make
purchases with vendor
Scrips
Customer Vendor
A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the
World Wide Web.
The search results are generally presented in a line of results often referred to as
search engine results pages (SERPs).
The information may be a mix of web pages, images, and other types of files. Some search engines
also mine data available in databases or open directories.
Unlike web directories, which are maintained only by human editors, search engines also maintain
real-time information by running an algorithm on a web crawler.
A Web search engine is a special web site that catalogs other web sites and has search
capability; it is an Internet tool that lets users quickly and simply find the answers to
questions or information on topics or keywords.
What is a Keyword?
OR To search for either of two (or more) terms on the same page: Type the word OR
between the terms. (Example: kayak OR canoe)
AND NOT To search for pages that include the first term and not the second : Type the
words AND NOT between the terms. (Example: kayak AND NOT whitewater) Or put a
minus sign right before the second term. (Example: kayak -whitewater.)
"" To search for an exact phrase: Enclose the phrase in quotation marks. (Example: "sea
kayak rental")
* To search for various forms of a word: Add an asterisk to the end of the word. (Example:
kayak* This returns pages with the words kayak, kayaks, kayaked, kayaking, and so on.)
I-Way
Information Superhighway (I-
Way)
Any successful E-Commerce application will require the
I-way infrastructure
In the same way that regular commerce needs the
interstate highway network to carry goods from point to
point.
In commerce to carry goods highway is required in the
same way in E-commerce Iway is required for sending
data in digital form
You must travel across this highway, whether you are an
organization
purchasing supplies or a consumer ordering a movie on
I-way will be a mesh of interconnected data highways of many forms
Telephone wires, cable TV wire
Radio-based wireless-cellular & satellite.
In the electronic highway system multimedia content is stores in
the form of electronic documents, these are often digitized
I-way is a high-capacity, interactive electronic pipeline used to
transfer content in case of e-commerce.
I-way can transfer any type of context like, text, graphics, audio,
video.
In other words, multimedia contents are easily transported through
I-way.
I-Way
Information Superhighway:-
The global information and communications network
that includes
The Internet
Telephone networks,
cable television networks,
and satellite communication networks.
the concept of a worldwide network of computers
capable of transferring all types of digital information at
high speed
information superhighway - an extensive electronic network
(such as the internet) used for the rapid transfer of sound and video
and graphics in digital form.
Any successful E-commerce application will require the I-Way
infrastructure in the same way that regular commerce needs the
interstate highway network to carry goods from point to point.
A integration of computers, communications networks, and
communication software forms the Information Superhighway (I-
Way).
The I-Way will be a mesh of interconnected data highways of many
forms: telephone wires, cable TV wires, radio-based wireless-
cellular and satellite
Components of I-way:
I-way can transfer any type of context like, text,
graphics, audio, video. In other words, multimedia
contents are easily transported through I-way.
Multichannel functionality
What-you-see-is-what-you-get (WYSIWYG) editing
Catalog, order and inventory management
Management of ads and set rules for ads
Data integration with third party systems
64-bit support
Commerce Server 2007
Microsoft Commerce Server (CS) is a framework
(collection of e-commerce specific APIs) to build an e-
commerce site around.
It offering faster and lower cost e-commerce Web site
design and deployments.
Commerce Server 2007 provides a set of tools for the
Web site developer, the IT professional, and the
business user to help develop, deploy, and manage e-
commerce applications
Commerce Server Architecture
Customers
Customers use their browser to access a Commerce
Server Web application.
Customer use this server as follows:
When purchasing or otherwise ordering products that
are browsed online, added to a basket, and ultimately
acquired by completing the check-out process. It is done
in commerce server os customer use this part of
commerce server. Another parts are used by many
different users like business users, developers and it
professtionals .
Business users
Business users use the various smart client applications
provided with Commerce Server to manage the Data.
They use Catalog Manager and catalog inventaory
Schema manager(tools available in commerce server)
to manage product catalogs .
Business user also use Customer and Orders Manager
application to manage the orders that are placed and
the customers who place them.
The IT professionals
They use Microsoft Operations Manager 2005 to monitor
both events that are logged by various Commerce
Server systems and to track performance using the
counters maintained by those systems.
Commerce Server systems, such as the Profiles System
and the Orders System, maintain performance counters
and log events during operation.
Microsoft Operations Manager 2005 is one of the
recommended ways in which this kind of information
can be monitored and acted upon to maintain Web
application performance
IT professionals use Commerce Server Staging (CSS) to manage the
deployment of various Commerce Server resources, and related
resources, between different system environments.
These resources include database information from SQL Server,
metabase information from Internet Information Services (IIS).
Microsoft Management Console (MMC) snap-in is used to maintain a
wide variety of Commerce Server configuration information.
Commerce Server uses SQL Server in several different capacities.
much of the functionality of the Data Warehouse and Analytics
feature of Commerce Server is actually provided by SQL Server.
For example:
gov - Government agencies
edu - Educational institutions
org - Organizations (nonprofit)
mil - Military
com - commercial business
net - Network organizations
ca - Canada
th - Thailand
Difference between HTTP and HTTPS
HTTP, HTTPS
The "S" in HTTPS indicates a secure site.
If you visit a web site or web page, and look at the address in the web
browser.
it will likely begin with the following: http://. This means that the web
site is talking to your browser using the regular 'unsecured' language.
This is why you never ever enter your credit card number in an http
web site
But if the web address begins with https://, your computer is talking
to the web site in a secure code that no one can see.
Difference Between the Internet
and the WWW?
People commonly use the words "Internet" and "Web"
interchangeably.
This usage is technically incorrect.
The Internet is the large container.
the Web is a part within the container.
the Net is the restaurant.
the Web is the most popular dish on the menu
The World Wide Web, or "Web" for short, is a massive
collection of digital pages.
the Web is based on hypertext transfer protocol.
But another protocol you can use like ftp etc.
Only http is www another is not.
The Internet, not the Web, is also used for e-mail, which
relies on SMTP, instant messaging and FTP.
So the Web is just a portion of the Internet
Characteristics of Domain Name
Domain names are restricted to
only the ASCII letters 'a' through 'z' (in a case-
insensitive manner).
the digits '0' through '9.
and the hyphen ('-').
Parts of a Domain Name
Each domain name consists of two parts.
Top Level Domain - A top-level domain (TLD) is the part of the
domain name located to the right of the dot. The most common
top-level domains are .COM, .NET, and .ORG. Some other
popular top-level domains are .BIZ, .INFO, .NAME and .IN etc.
Second Level Domain - . The second-level domain name is the
part of the domain name located to the left of the dot. Steps-to-
make-your-own-website is the second-level domain name and
represents the organization or entity behind the internet.
Second Level Domain name must be registered with an Internet
Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)-
accredited registrar.
Domain Name Level
Top Level Domain - A top-level domain (TLD) is the part of the
domain name located to the right of the dot. The most common
top-level domains are .COM, .NET, and .ORG. Some other
popular top-level domains are .BIZ, .INFO, .NAME and .IN etc.
Generic top level maintained by IANA and country code top level
reserved for a country.
Second Level Domain - . The second-level domain name is the
part of the domain name located to the left of the dot.
Third level domain name:-which are written immediately to
the left of a second level Domain.
Each level is separated by a dot or period symbol.
What is DNS?
DNS is the acronym for Domain Name System.
This system translates the number format of your IP
address to the word format.
It is done because it is relatively easier to remember words
than numbers.
it is easier to name an e-mail address as
service@sitesell.com than service@216.95.221.39.
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical
distributed naming system for computers, services, or any
resource connected to the Internet or a private network
Digital Certificate
An attachment to an electronic message used for security
purposes
It is trusted ID card in electronic form that binds a websites public
encryption key to their identity for the purpose of public trust.
The most common use of a digital certificate is to verify that a user
sending a message is who he or she claims to be, and to provide the
receiver with the means to encode a reply.
An individual wishing to send an encrypted message applies for a
digital certificate from a Certificate Authority (CA).
The CA issues an encrypted digital certificate containing the
applicant's public key and a variety of other identification
information.
In the physical world, you protect your written
correspondence by putting it in an envelope before
posting. In the online world, sending an email message
is like sending a postcard.
it is easy to intercept and read as it travels across the
Internet. Instead of risking disclosure of your private
email message,
one option for safeguarding them is to use a digital
certificate
E-commerce
Architecture
Tier
What is a "tier"?
A "tier" can also be referred to as a "layer".
n the software world Tiers/Layers should have some or
all of the following characteristics:
Each tier/layer should be able to be constructed
separately, possibly by different teams of people with
different skills.
Several tiers/layers should be able to be joined together
to make a whole "something".
There must also be some sort of boundary between one
tier and another. You cannot take a single piece of cake,
chop it up into smaller units and call that a layer cake
because each unit is indistinguishable from the other
units.
Each tier/layer should not be able to operate
independently without interaction with other
tiers/layers.
Three tier ecommerce architecture
Three tier ecommerce architecture
Presentation logic - the user interface (UI) which
displays data to the user and accepts input from the
user. In a web application this is the part which receives
the HTTP request and returns the HTML response.
Business logic - handles data validation, business
rules and task-specific behaviour.
Data Access logic - communicates with the database
by constructing SQL queries and executing them via the
relevant API.
What is a Domain Name?