BIOLOGY

REPRODUCTION IN HUMANS
WHY DO ORGANISMS
REPRODUCE?
The process of reproduction is
necessary for preservation and increase
in population of a species .
If the organisms would not reproduce
the species to which they belong would
be extinct once they are dead.
In order to maintain the species , an
organisms reproduces.
Reproduction process is not necessary
for an individual to live but necessary
for perpetutation its species
HOW IS IT REPRODUCE?
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IS THE TYPE
OF REPRODUCTION IN WHICH BOTH
MALE AND FEMALE SEXES ARE
NEEDED TO PROPOGATE NEW
GENERATION.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IS ALLOWS
FOR MORE VARIATION THAN
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION.
IN SEXUAL REPRODUCTION MALE
AND FEMALE GAMETES FUSE WITH
EACH OTHER TO FORM A ZYGOTE.
HOW IS IT REPRODUCE?

TWO GAMETES FUSE TO

RESTORE THE
CHROMOSOME
COMPLEMENT.
THE MOTILE GAMETE IS
CALLED THE MALE
GAMETES WHEREAS
IMMOTILE GAMETE WITH
FOOD-STORES IS CALLED
THE FEMALE GAMETE .
 MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

PARTS:

TESTIS
VAS
ENES
SEMINAL
LES
SCROTUM
URETHRA
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

PARTS
OVARIES
FALLOPIAN
TUBULES
UTERUS
VAGINA
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
DISEASES
DIESEASES WHICH SPREAD DURING
SEXUAL CONTACT FROM INFECTED
PERSON TO HEALTHY PERSON

SOME OF THE DISEASES ARE

1.GONORRHOEA
2.SYPHILIS
3.TRICHOMONIASIS
AIDS
HOW TO AVOID PREGNANCY?
For the Woman
DIAPHRAGM is a rubber disk with a flexible rim that covers the
cervix and must be used together with spermicide. It is available
by prescription only and must be fitted for size by a health
professional. The diaphragm protects for six hours and should be
left in place for at least six hours after intercourse but not for
longer than a total of 24 hours.
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES protect against pregnancy by the
combined actions of the hormones estrogens and progestin. The
hormones prevent ovulation. The pills have to be taken every day
as directed and do not work after vomiting or diarrhoea. Side
effects of the pill can be nausea, headache, breast tenderness,
weight gain, irregular bleeding, and depression.
DEPO-PROVERA is a hormonal contraceptive injected into a
muscle on the arm or buttock every three months. The injection
must be repeated every 3 months. The menstruation can become
irregular and sometimes even absent.
IMPLANTS (such as Norplant or implanon) are made up of small
 HOW TO AVOID PREGNANCY?
IMPLANTS (such as Norplant or implanon) are made up of small
rubber rods, which are surgically implanted under the skin of
the upper arm, where they release the contraceptive steroid
levonorgestrel. Their protection lasts from 3 to 5 years. Side
effects include menstrual cycle changes, weight gain, breast
tenderness and loss of bone mass.
IUD is a T-shaped device inserted into the uterus by a health-
care professional. The IUD can remain in place for 5- 10 years.
IUDs have one of the lowest failure rates of contraceptive
method. Sometimes the IUD can be expelled and a woman has
to check each month after her period with her finger if she can
still feel the threads of the IUD. Other side effects can include
abnormal bleeding and cramps, but this usually only occurs
during and immediately after insertion.
FEMALE STERILIZATION is done surgically. The tubes are ligated,
preventing the egg-cells from encountering the sperm cells and
preventing any future pregnancies. It is a permanent form of
contraception.
EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION must be taken within 72 hours of
HOW TO AVOID PREGNANCY?
For the Man
CONDOMS are usually made from latex rubber and can be used
only once. Some have spermicide added to kill sperm. They act
as a mechanical barrier, preventing direct vaginal contact with
semen, infectious genital discharges, and genital lesions.
Condoms are the most effective method for reducing the risk of
infection from the viruses that cause AIDS and other sexually
transmitted diseases (STDs). It is important to put a condom on
properly before intercourse
MALE STERILIZATION also known as vasectomy, is a quick
operation performed under local anaesthesia with possible
minor postsurgical complications, such as bleeding or infection.
The ability to get an erection and an ejaculation does not
disappear. The sperm cells are just a very small part (1%) of the
fluid and a man will not notice any difference in ejaculation. The
body will absorb the sperm cells.
DONE BY
ABISHEK SRIRAM
CLASS 10
NAVA BHARATH VIDYALAYA