HUMANISTIC

THEORY
 Humanism is a psychological
approach that emphasizes the study
of the whole person. Humanistic
psychologists look at human
behavior not only through the eyes
of the observer, but through the eyes
of the person doing the behaving.
Humanistic psychologists believe
that an individual's behaviour is
connected to his inner feelings and
self-image.
 Humanistic psychology developed
as a rebellion against what some
psychologists saw as limitations of
the behaviourist and psychodynamic
psychology. The Humanistic
approach is thus often called the
third force in psychology after
psychoanalysis and behaviourism.
 Humanistic psychology rejected the
behaviorist approach which is
characterized as deterministic,
focused on reinforcement of
stimulus-response behavior and
heavily dependent on animal
research.
 Personal agency is the humanistic
term for the exercise of free will.
Personal agency refers to the choices we
make in life, the paths we go down and
their consequences.
The Humanistic approach emphasizes
the personal worth of the individual, the
centrality of human values, and the
creative, active nature of human beings.
The approach is optimistic and focuses
on noble human capacity to overcome
hardship, pain and despair.
 CarlRogers Theory

Each individual have their own experience, and

desire to achieve the perfection and excellent in
themselves.
They got intrinsic motivation that encourage them
towards the achieve the perfect life.
Therefore, the experience and knowledge they got
from environment will make they build their own
concept whether positive or not depends towards
the influenced from the environment approach.
However, all the behavior that show from the
person are basically seen from their own concept
and what things they believe.
 M aslow Theory
Needs is the human desire to complete all the
weakness, disturbance and unbalanced in
themselves.
Human needs can be divided into two category that;
Physiology
Psychology
Physiology needs is the basic need in human life
likes rest, sleep, food, drink, oxygen and others.
While the psychologist is the second needs in
human beings likes love, proud, safety and others.
Maslow said that the individual will fulfill the basic
needs first, before they fulfill the seconds needs.
 Both Rogers and Maslow regarded
personal growth and fulfillment in life
as a basic human motive.
This means that each person, in
different ways, seeks to grow
psychologically and continuously
enhance themselves.
his has been captured by the term
self-actualization which is about
psychological growth, fulfillment and
satisfaction in life.
 Humanism rejects scientific
methodology like experiments and
typically uses qualitative research
methods. For example, diary accounts,
open-ended questionnaires,
unstructured interviews and
unstructured observations.
Qualitative research is useful for
studies at the individual level, and to
find out, in depth, the ways in which
people think or feel (e.g. case studies).
 The humanist's view human beings as
fundamentally different from other
animals mainly because humans are
conscious beings capable of thought,
reason and language.
For humanistic psychologists research
on animals, such as rats, pigeons, or
monkeys held little value.
Humanistic psychologists rejected a
rigorous scientific approach to
psychology because they saw it as
dehumanising and unable to capture
the richness of conscious experience.
Instructionalim plications of hum anistic theory.

Student-centred teaching.
social personal development.
De-emphazise rigorous,
performance-oriented, test-
dominated approaches. Provide
opportunity for success.
Discovery learning.
Respects students feelings and
aspirations.
Right to self-determination.
Com m on Em phasis on hum anistic approaches to education.

1 Affect - emphasis on feeling and thinking.

2 Self-Concept - positive, self-concept
important Many students are disinvited
students (Borton, 1970). [look at box p250].
3 Communication - positive and honest
4 Personal Values - Importance of personal
values, facilitate the development of
positive values. Must know themselves,
express themselves, self-identity, actualise
themselves.
 The humanistic approach is a broad term that encompasses three
main approaches (Kirschenbaum 1975):
Humanistic content curricula - Teaching topics that are directly
relevant to the students' lives (e.g. drugs awareness)
Humanistic process curricula - Focuses on the whole student and
can include teaching assertiveness training, for example.
Humanistic school and group structures - restructuring the whole
timetable and school environment in order to facilitate humanistic
teaching or just individual classes. The approach includes:
On a school level - open classrooms, class meetings and finding
alternative ways of assessment.
On a class level:
Students exercise choice and control over activities
Curriculum focuses on what the children are concerned about.
Focus on life skills - thinking skills combined with social skills
(e.g. sharing and communicating). Co-operative learning
Self-evaluation and self-monitoring
Teacher becomes a facilitator.
Im plication N eeds Concept in
Classroom
Implication Needs Concept in Classroom
In conclusion, the teacher should organize the
class to achieve the objective of the PNP process
depend to the pupils needs:
o Make sure all the basic needs of the pupils are
provided.
o Prepared the classroom in conducive situation to
make the pupils enjoys the PNP process.
o Show your love to the student for fulfill the loving
needs towards the students.
o Encourage the pupils to appreciate among themselves
and motivate the pupils to study smart in the class.