Identifying and Controlling Hazards

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1005
Identifying and Controlling Hazards
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 Workshop goals

Explore the elements of an effective hazard

identification and control program.

Discuss the steps in the hazard identification and

control process.

Complete the hazard identification and control

worksheet.

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 Form Teams

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 IDENTIFYING HAZARDS

What do the rules say?

ORS 654.010 Employers to furnish safe place of

employment.

Every employer shall

furnish employment and a place of employment which

are safe and healthful for employees therein, and
shall do every other thing reasonably necessary to
protect the life, safety and health of such employees.
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 OAR 437, Div 001, Rule 0760 (7) Inspections.

(a) All places of employment shall be inspected by a

qualified person or persons as often as the type of
operation or the character of the equipment requires.
Defective equipment or unsafe conditions found by
these inspections shall be replaced or repaired or
remedied promptly.

(b) Wherever required in this safety code, a written and

dated report, signed by the person or persons making
the inspection, shall be kept.

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 What does qualified mean?
What criteria should we use to determine
frequency of inspections?
What does remedied promptly mean?
What does your inspection report look like?

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 What do the rules for safety committees say?

The safety committee is required to:

Evaluate
____________ the accident and illness prevention
program

Establish procedures for inspections

____________

Inspect
____________ the workplace for safety and health
hazards

Recommend how to eliminate hazards and unsafe

____________
behaviors
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 What is a "hazard?"

condition
An unsafe _________________ practice
or _________________
injury or _______________
that could cause an ___________ illness
to an employee.

How can a person be a

walking hazardous
condition?

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 What is Exposure?

How close are you to the "danger zone"?

Physical exposure - generally arms length

Environmental exposure - could be everyone in facility.

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 How does your perception about the severity of a
hazard change with daily exposure to that hazard?

Which one of
those incidents will 1
end up as a
Major
serious injury? Injury

29
Minor
Injuries

300
Near Miss
Incidents

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 What you see are merely the
symptoms: The direct observable
effects of a underlying cause

Are unique conditions or individual behaviors (you

can point at a person or object)
May exist or be performed by anyone, anytime,
anywhere
May directly cause or contribute to an incident or
accident
May be important clues revealing root causes

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 Where do injuries come from?

2
Unpreventable acts. Only ________ % of all workplace
accidents are thought to be unpreventable.

Hazardous conditions. Hazardous conditions (OR-OSHA

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violations) account for only _________ % of all workplace
accidents.

What procedures do we use to detect and correct

hazardous conditions?

System failure. Safety management system failures account

95 % of all workplace accidents.
for at least _________

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 Types of Hazards in the
Workplace

1. Falls 8. Explosives
2. Impact 9. Pressure
3. Mechanical 10. Electrical contact
4. Vibration/Noise 11. Ergonomics
5. Toxics 12. Biohazards
6. Heat/Temperature 13. Violence
7. Flammability/Fire

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 Inspect to identify potential
accidents

Struck-by Caught-between
Struck-against Fall-To-surface
Contact-by Fall-To-below
Contact-with Over-exertion
Caught-on Bodily reaction
Caught-in Over-exposure

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 Four Important Processes to
Identify and Analyze Hazards

1 Inspections and Audits

The inspection examines conditions in the workplace

to identify hazards.
The audit evaluates the quality of program design
and performance to better control hazards.

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 How to develop an effective safety and health
checklist.
Determine applicable state safety & health rules for
the workplace.
Review rules and use those you feel apply to your
workplace.
Develop applicable checklist questions that are not
addressed in the rules.

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 Who's involved in the inspection process?
What is a major weakness inherent in the
inspection process?
How can we overcome this weakness?

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 2 Observation

Observations, informal and formal, are quite important

in daily workplace safety.

Employees and managers can spot hazardous

conditions and unsafe or inappropriate behaviors
while they conduct their other tasks.

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 2 Observation

What is the proper response when an

employee observes a hazardous condition
or unsafe behavior?

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 2 Observation

What is the proper response when a safety

committee member observes a hazardous
condition or unsafe behavior?

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 2 Observation

Formal observation programs can be

successful tools for gathering and
analyzing data so that safety can be
improved.

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 2 Observation

What group is well-suited to conduct

formal observation?

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 2 Observation

What happens when the perception that

discipline might occur as a result of formal
observations?

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 3 The Job Hazard Analysis

The process...
Break a job or task into specific steps.

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 3 The Job Hazard Analysis

The process...
Break a job or task into specific steps.
Analyze each step for specific hazardous conditions
and unsafe practices.

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 3 The Job Hazard Analysis

The process...
Break a job or task into specific steps.
Analyze each step for specific hazardous conditions
and unsafe practices.
Develop preventive measures in each step to
eliminate or reduce the hazards.

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 3 The Job Hazard Analysis

The process...
Break a job or task into specific steps.
Analyze each step for specific hazardous conditions
and unsafe practices.
Develop preventive measures in each step to
eliminate or reduce the hazards.
Integrate preventive measures into training and
standard operating procedures (SOPs).

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 Why is it important to involve the employee
in the JHA process?

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 4 Incident/Accident Analysis

All non-injury incidents and injury accidents, no matter

how minor should be analyzed to identify and control
hazards.
Incident analysis allows you to identify and control
hazards before they cause an injury.
Accident analysis is an effective tool for uncovering
hazards that either were missed earlier or have
managed to slip out of the controls planned for them.

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 The two primary phases in the incident/accident
analysis process
Event analysis. Analyze the event (near-miss, accident)
to determine what happened.
Cause analysis
Surface Cause Analysis
Root Cause

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 What's the hazard?
What kind of accident
might occur?

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 What's the hazard?
What kind of accident
might occur?

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 What's the hazard?
What kind of accident
might occur?

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 CONTROLLING HAZARDS

Hazard + Exposure Accident

1. Controlling hazards by engineering the workplace -

design tools, equipment, machinery, materials,
facilities.

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 Hazard + Exposure Accident

2. Controlling exposures by managing work and

workers.

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 Why are engineering controls considered to be
superior to management controls?

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 Personal Protective Equipment

What might be some of the drawbacks of reliance

solely on PPE to protect workers?

Interim measures

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 Effective Maintenance Processes

Two equipment maintenance programs

1. Preventive Maintenance to make sure equipment

and machinery runs safely and smoothly.
2. Corrective Maintenance to make sure equipment
gets back into safe service quickly.

How can we make sure corrective maintenance is

completed quickly?

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 Hazard Tracking Procedures

XYZ Hazard Tracking Log

Hazard Description Reported Date Correct Responsible Date
Number by Reported by Supervisor Corrected

0301 Lathe #3, needs guard Smith 9/9/03 9/15/03 Jones 9/14/03

0302 Dock needs warning stripes Wilson 9/12/03 9/30/03 Jordan

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 THE ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
Team Exercise:
View photos and use the worksheet below to determine hazards,
system weaknesses, accident types and costs, probability/severity,
corrective actions and system improvement.

Hazard Analysis Worksheet

Describe the Hazard:

Possible Accident Type(s):

Accident Cost Estimates:

Risk:

Recommended Corrective Action(s):

Recommended System Improvement(s):

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 Review Quiz

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