A

Minor Project Presentation on

Design of Water Treatment Plant

Submitted By-
Shubham Kesar
2213848
 What is water treatment
Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals,
biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated
water. The goal is to produce water fit for a specific purpose. Most water is
disinfected for human consumption (drinking water), but water purification
may also be designed for a variety of other purposes, including fulfilling the
requirements of medical, pharmacological, chemical and industrial
applications. Purifying water may reduce the concentration of particulate
matter including suspended particles, parasites, bacteria, algae, viruses,
fungi, as well as reducing the amount of a range of dissolved and particulate
material derived from the surfaces that come from runoff due to rain .
 ?
Why Treatment is Required
 Following Are The Reason's For Which Water Treatment is
Required-
To Remove The Turbidity From The Water

To Remove The Bacteria's From The Water

To Remove Acidity/Alkalinity

To Remove the T.D.S.

To Remove Hardness From Water
 CAUSES OF WATER
POLLUTION
Sewage
Nutrients
Urbanisation
Deforestation
Chemical Waste
Plastics
Energy Use
Underground storage and tube leakages
Water Treatment Process
 Coagulation :- Coagulation-flocculationis a
chemicalwater treatmenttechnique typically applied
prior to sedimentation andfiltration(e.g. rapid
sandfiltration) to enhance the ability of
atreatmentprocess to remove particles.
Sedimentation :- Sedimentation is a physical water
treatment process using gravity to remove suspended
solids from water.
Filtration :- Filtration is any of various mechanical,
physical or biological operations that separate solids
from fluids (liquids or gases) by adding a medium
through which only the fluid can pass.
Disinfection :- Water disinfection means the removal,
deactivation or killing of pathogenic microorganisms.
Microorganisms are destroyed or deactivated, resulting
in termination of growth and reproduction.
Factors Considered in The Designing of Water
treatment Plant

1. Population
2. Purpose
3. Per Capita Demand According To Living Standard
 Population Forecasting

Population Forecasting Can Be Done By Following Three

Methods-

1. Arithmetic Method
2. Geometric Method
3. Incremental Increase Method
 1. Arithmetic method
Pn = P0+ nc
Where,
P0 = Initial population
Pn = Population in nth decade
n = No. of decades
c = Average increase
Year Population Difference
2001 23.23 lac -
2011 36.02 lac 12.79
C=12.79

P2021= 36.02 +(1 12.79)

= 48.81 lac

P2025 = 33.02 + (1.5 12.79) = 55.20 lac

2. Geometric Method
Pn =Po (1+r/100)n
Pn = Population in the nth decade
Po = Population any decade
r = Percentage increase
N = No. of decade
r = {(36.0223.23)/23.23} 100
=55.05%
P2021= 36.02 {1+(55.05/100)} 1
= 55.83 lac
P2025= 69.50 lac
 3. Incremental Increase Method

Pn = Po + (r + i) n
r = Average rate of increase in population per decade
I = Average rate of incremental increase per decade
Po = Population in any decade
Pn = Population in n decade
P2021= p +avg. increase per decade+ avg. incremental increase
0

= 36.02+12.79
= 48.81 lac
P2025= 48.81+ 12.79
= 61.6 lac
Design of Screening
 Design Procedure

Assumption
a. Manually cleaned screen
b. Inclination of bars = 30
c. Size of bars = 50 X 6 X 6 mm3
d. Clear spacing between two bars = 10mm
e. Flow velocity of normal screen = 800mm/sec
= 0.8m/s (at peak flow)
Settling Tank
 Coagulation

There are two methods of feeding coagulants in water:

1. Dry Feeding
2. Wet Feeding

Coagulants are:
1. Aluminaum sulphate or alum
2. Sodium aluminates
Clariflocculator
Rapid Sand Filter
Disinfection chamber {Chlorination Unit}
 Result
Clean drinking water
THANK YOU!