FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION

PRESENTED By:

Suhaib Shaikh (K-14ME15)

Arslan Ahmed (K-14ME06)
Zubair Ahmed (K-14ME48)
Asrar Ahmed (K-14ME33)
Zakir Hussain (K-14-13ME75)
Contents
Introduction
Working Mechanism
Types on the basis of Orientation
Types on the basis of Operation
Mathematical Modelling
Advantages
Disadvantages
Applications
Refrences
Conceptual Questions
 FLUIDIZATION
Fluidization is a method of mixing fuel
and air in a specific proportion for
obtaining combustion.
FLUIDIZED BED
A fluidized bed may be defined as the bed
of solid particles behaving as a fluid.
 FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION
Fluidized bed combustion(FBC) is combustion
technology used to burn solid fuel.
Fuel and limestone and other particles are lying on bed.
Jet of air are blown to provide the oxygen required for
combustion and gasification.
Jet of air provide rapid heat transfer and chemical
reaction with in bed.
FBC Plant are capable of burning a variety of low grade
solid fuel at high efficiency.
 Working Mechanism
It operates on the principal that when an evenly
distributed air is passed upward through a finely
divided bed of solid particles at low velocity, the
particles remain undisturbed, but if the velocity of
air flow is steadily increased, a stage is reached
when the individual particles are suspended in the
air stream. If the air velocity is further increased,
the bed becomes highly turbulent and rapid mixing
of particles occur which appear like formation of
bubbles in a boiling liquid and the process of
combustion as a result is known as fluidized bed
combustion.
Cont
The velocity of air causing fluidization depends on a
number of parameter:

Size of fuel particles.

Density of air fuel mixture.
TYPES OF FBC ON THE BASIS
OF ORIENTATION
There are two types of Fluidized bed
combustion on the basis of orientation.

1. Vertical type FBC.

2. Horizontal type FBC.
1. Vertical type FBC:
These are generally used in smaller plant, and has the
capacity to produce steam of up to 6 tonnes per hour only.
Their vertical shape reduces the overall dimension of the
steam boiler and is extremely efficient in plants, where space
provision is limited.
2. Horizontal type FBC:
There are almost 10 times in capacity when compared to
vertical type fluidized bed combustion. They can produce as
much as 60 tonnes of steam per hour and are placed
horizontally with respect to the boiler tubes. The high
capacity of the horizontal type Fluidized boilers coupled with
their high efficiency, makes them an extremely desirable
choice for the coal fired thermal power generating station.
TYPES OF FBC ON THE BASIS
OF OPERATION
There are three types of FBC on the basis of
operation:

1. Atmospheric Classis FBC

2. Circulation FBC
3. Pressurized FBC
 Atmospheric FBC
Atmospheric fluidized beds use limestone or dolomite to
capture sulfur released by the combustion of coal.
Jets of air suspend the mixture of sorbent and burning
coal during combustion, converting the mixture into a
suspension of red-hot particles that flow like a fluid.
This is operated on Atmospheric pressure.
Coal is crushed to a size of 1 to 10mm depend upon
rank of coal.
Atmpospheric air, which act as both fluidized air and
combustion air.
The velocity of fluidizing air is ranges from 1.2 to 3.7m/s.
The bed depth is 0.9m to 1.5m deep.
 Circulation FBC
It is developing technology for coal combustion to
achieve lower emission of pollutant.
By using this technology upto 95% of pollutant can be
observed.
Taller Bolier structure,
Coal is crushed to a size of 6 to 12mm depend upon
rank of coal.
The fluidizing velocity in circulating beds ranges from
3.7 to 9m/s.
Combustion efficiency as high as 99.5%.
Combustion temperature 840 to 900 C
Pressurized FBC
The first generation PFBC system also uses a sorbent and
jets of air to suspend the mixture of sorbent and burning coal
during combustion.
This system operated at elevated presssure ranges from 16-
18 bar.
Produce a high-pressure gas stream that can drive a gas
turbine.
Steam generated from the heat in the fluidized bed is sent to
a steam turbine.
Also creating a highly efficient combined cycle system.
Combustion temperature about 860 C.
Pressurized flue gases are cleaned and then expanded into gas
turbine.
Power generation by steam cycle & Gas turbine cycle which is of
the order of 80:20
4 to 5% More efficient than others.
Mathematical Modeling

Where fp is fluidized
pressure
Cont

This shows the minimum

fluidization velocity for Good
Combustion
Cont

Where it shows the change in

pressure across the bed
Advantages
High thermal efficiency.
Easy ash removal system to be transferred for made
cement.
Short commissioning and erection period.
Fully automated and thus ensures safe operation, even
at extreme temperatures.
Efficient operation at temperatures down to 150 C ( i.e.
well below the ash fusion temperature).
The system can respond rapidly to changes in load
demand, due to quick establishment of thermal
equilibrium between air and fuel particles in the bed.
Lower emission of NO2 & CO2.
Cont
Combustion efficiency about 95%.
CaCO3(solid) + SO2(gas) ---> CaSO3(solid) +
CO2(gas)
SO3 + CaCO3 = CaSO3 +CO3
 Disadvantages
Major drawback of this system is that the
fan power has to be maintained at a
considerably high value, since the air has
to be supplied continuously at a very high
pressure for supporting the bed. This in
turn increases the operating cost of the
auxiliary units of the plant.
Applications
It has industrial applications just like:
Coal Combustion
Coal Gasification
Heat Exchange.
Power Generator.
VIDEO ??
Refrences

https://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluidized_bed_combu
stion
www.slideshare.com
www.electrical4u.com
www.sciencedirect.com
https://www.britannica.com
CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS ???
 What is the difference between Fluidized
bed combustion & conventional boilers ???
 What are the parameters on which
Fluidization air velocity depends ???