ETT 201

Engineering Technology

PART II
Capacitors, Inductors, AC circuits

Dr. Boskovich

Engineering Technology Department

Cal Poly Pomona
 ETT 201
Engineering Technology

Capacitors

Dr. Boskovich

Engineering Technology Department

Cal Poly Pomona
Capacitors
Capacitors store energy in terms of Voltage
The energy is stored between two conductive plates
separated by dielectric between them
The amount of energy stored is a function of the size of
the plates and the type of dielectric material used

Metal
plate

Dielectric material

Symbol for capacitor

ETT 201 7-3

Charge in Capacitors
Applying a voltage to the plates charges the plates
The amount of charge is proportional to the voltage
A constant of proportionality C is used to equate the
voltage to the charge
C is defined as the capacitance

-
- -
- -q
- -
+
+ + - -
+q + + +
+
+

+ -
V

ETT 201 7-4

Capacitors Units
C is expressed in terms of FARADS
Typically 1F is very large so capacitors are usually in
the order of
1F (micro Farads x)
1nF (nano Farads
1pF (pico Farads

-
- -
- -q
- -
+
+ + - -
+q + + +
+
+

+ -
V
ETT 201 7-5
Capacitance
Capacitance is the ratio of the charge on one plate of
a capacitor to the voltage difference between the two
plates
The Energy stored in a capacitors in the field is a
function of how long the voltage is applied and at the
rate the charge (current) is applied at
(Recall that current is defined as the change of charge
in time)

-
- -
QI x t - -
- -q
+
+ + - -
+q + +
i +
+
and +

+ -
V
ETT 201 7-6
Capacitance
Using the relationship of voltage, current, and time
Work can be expressed

(Average Voltage) x Current x Time

-
- -
- -q
- -
+
+ + - -
i +q + + +
+
+

+ -
V
ETT 201 7-7
Capacitance
Using the relationship of voltage, current, and time
Work can be expressed

(Average Voltage) x Current x Time

-
- -
- -q
- -
+
+ + - -
i +q + + +
+
+

+ -
V
ETT 201 7-8
Electric Fields
As charge accumulates on the plates of the capacitor, a
field is created
The Charge is measured in Coulombs of charge
For a parallel plate capacitor, the flux between the
plates is C
Flux~>Charge

d
D is the Electric Flux Density -
- -
per unit Area + - -Q
- -
+ -
- - -
+Q + -
+
i E

+ -
V
ETT 201 7-9
Electric Fields
As charge accumulates on the plates of the capacitor, a
field is created
The Charge is measured in Coulombs of charge
For a parallel plate capacitor, the flux between the
plates is C
E is the electric Field

d
D is the Electric Flux Density -
- -
+ - -Q
- -
is the permittivity of the dielectric + -
- - -
material +Q + -
+
i E

+ -
V
ETT 201 7-10
Electric Fields
As charge accumulates on the plates of the capacitor, a
field is created
The Charge is measured in Coulombs of charge
For a parallel plate capacitor, the flux between the
plates is C
E is the electric Field

d
D is the Electric Flux Density
-
- -
+ - -Q
is the permittivity of the dielectric - -
-
material + - - -
+Q + -
+
i E

+ -
V
ETT 201 7-11
Types of Capacitors

Electrolytics
Used in filters
Stores larges amounts of energy for
preventing power dips
Found in Power Supplies
Starting Capacitors for large Motors
Tend to be large value capacitors
1uF 1000uF

Ceramic
Used in filters
Filters out higher frequency ETT 201 7-12
Parallel Capacitors
Find the Equivalent Capacitance
The voltage across each capacitor is the same V
The Total Charge is the sum of the Charges (recall KCL
and Current Charge Relationships)

+
C1 C2 Cn
V

ETT 201 7-13

Parallel Capacitors
Recalling Q and the relationship to Charge and Voltage

and +
C1 C2 Cn
V

ETT 201 7-14

Parallel Capacitors and Equivelence
The equivalent capacitance of N parallel connected
capacitors is the sum of the individual capacitances

and +
C1 C2 Cn
V

Therefore -

V Ceq

-
ETT 201 7-15
Series Capacitors
Make use of KVL as the drop in voltage around a loop of
capacitors

V i +
V1 C1
-
+ +
V V2 C2
-

-
+
Vn Cn
-

ETT 201 7-16

Series Capacitors
Relating voltage with charge and capacitance

V i +
V1 C1
and V -
+ +
V V2 C2
-

-
+
Vn Cn
-

ETT 201 7-17

 Series Capacitors and Equivelence
Combining equations and simplifying

V i +
V1 C1
and V -
i
+ + +
Therefore V V2 C2 Ceq
- V
- -
+
Vn Cn
-

ETT 201 7-18

 Series Capacitors
Combining equations and simplifying

V i +
V1 C1
and V -
i
+ + +
Therefore V V2 C2 Ceq
- V
- -
+
Vn Cn
-

ETT 201 7-19

 Examples Find Equivalent C
i +
V1 C1 =0.1uf
-
+ +
V V2 C2 =0.47uf
-

-
+
V3 C3 =0.33uf
-

ETT 201 7-20

 Examples Find Equivalent C
i +
V1 C1 =0.1uf
-
+ +
V V2 C2 =0.47uf
-

-
+
V3 C3 =0.33uf
-

ETT 201 7-21

 Examples Find Equivalent C
i +
V1 C1 =0.1uf
-
+ +
V V2 C2 =0.47uf
-

-
+
V3 C3 =0.33uf
-

ETT 201 7-22

Examples Find Equivalent C

V 1.0uf 4.7uf 3.3uF

ETT 201 7-23

Examples Find Equivalent C

V 1.0uf 4.7uf 3.3uF

ETT 201 7-24

Examples Find Equivalent C

V 1.0uf 4.7uf 3.3uF

ETT 201 7-25

Examples Find Equivalent C

3.3uf
+

V 1.0uf 4.7uf

- 6.3uf

ETT 201 7-26

Examples Find Equivalent C

3.3uf
+

V 1.0uf 4.7uf

- 6.3uf

ETT 201 7-27

Examples Find Equivalent C

3.3uf
+

V 1.0uf 4.7uf

- 6.3uf

ETT 201 7-28

Examples Find Equivalent C

3.3uf
+

V 1.0uf 4.7uf

- 6.3uf

ETT 201 7-29