MANAGEMENT OF

DISASTER IN
INDONESIA
Movie 88.wmv
 Terminology
Disasters:

- Sudden-impact event, natural or man-made

- In combination with loss of lives and or economic
loss
- Local response capacity exceeded
Risk Vulnerability x Hazard
- Hazard: natural or man-made event in a specific
location
- Vulnerability: susceptibility of a population
or system to hazards
- Risk changes over time
 Terminology
PREPAREDNESS :
Ensure that appropriate systems,
procedures, and resources are in place
to provide prompt, effective assistance
to disaster victims

MITIGATION:

Reduce vulnerability of the system

Intent to reduce the impact of disaster
 Disaster
Definition by WHO
Any Occurrence that cause damage
ecological disruption
loss of human life
deterioration of health
On a scale
sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response
from outside to the affected community or area
 Emergency
A sudden occurrence
demanding immediate
action that may be due to
epidemics, to natural or
technological catastrophes,
to strife or to other man-
made causes.
- WHO-
Why should we be concerned about Global Warming?
Solar System
Explanation of the causes of global warming
Athabasca Glacier has been
receding since the ice age
Explanation of the effects of global warming in
both MEDCs and LEDCs
 Pennekamp Park Key Largo
Reefs keep pace with sea level rise
Niagara Falls NY - 1911
Evaluation of the different viewpoints held about
global warming by MEDCs and LEDCs
 Disasters in Indonesia
NATURAL MAN MADE

Earthquakes Terrorist attacks

Flood Railroad Accidents
Land Slide
Aircraft Crashes
Sport disasters
Volcanic eruptions
Fires
Tsunami
Shipwrecks
Tropical storm &
tornadoes
Major epidemic diseases
 Disaster in Indonesia
Earth quake
(Yogyakarta)
 Disaster in Indonesia
Flood
 Disaster in Indonesia
Volcano

Merapi

Bromo
 Disaster in Indonesia
Tsunami

(Aceh)
 Disaster in Indonesia
Bali bomb
 Disaster in Indonesia
Avian Flue
Solutions to the problem
 disaster management cycle
Preparedness
Prevention and Mitigation Risk forecasting
Risk assessment Organization
Spatial Planning Planning of resources
Eco-structural measures Emergency Planning
Public Awareness Training
Education.. Public awareness..

Reconstruction Disaster

Permanent rehabilitation
Infrastructures reconstruction
s
Building reconstruction
Reinforcement of structures, ..

Post-Disaster
Damage Assessment Response
Follow-up of rehabilitation measures, .. Alarm
Life, property saving
Rehabilitation Reduction of impact of disast
Temporary rehabilitation Information dissemination
Re-establishing Transport systems Communication
Re-establishing communication routes..
 Stages of
Disaster Management
Mitigation

Preparedness

Response

Recovery
 Program Objectives

After Disaster

Before Disaster
Response (local)
Coordination of
Preparedness
International
Assistance
Recovery
Mitigation
Roles of Disaster Management
Program
Before a disaster:

A technical and not a financial assistance ex:

Advice on national policy
Facilitate mutual assistance agreements
Establish standards and design guidelines
Strengthening institutions
Special projects
 Disasters in Indonesia and SE Asia

Natural :
Earthquakes
Typhoons
Floods
Landslides
Volcanic Activity
Man-made:
Displacement
BCR (Biological, Chemical, Radiological)
Complex
 Effects of Natural Disasters on
Water and Sewerage Systems

Drinking water supply and sewerage

particularly vulnerable to natural hazards
Disruption of these systems may pose
serious health risks:
- Deficiencies in distributing potable water
- Difficulties in excreta disposal and other
waste
- Results in deterioration of sanitation
(conditions favorable to spread enteric and
other diseases)
 What can we do?

Disaster Mitigation in
Water Systems

-Prevent interruption in
distribution channels

-Prevent contamination

-Help to effectively
restore services in the
event of a disaster
 Effects of Natural Disasters on
Food and Nutrition

Food is usually
locally available in
sudden disasters.

Foodshortages may
occur in two ways
Destructionor
adulteration of
existing food supplies

Disruption of food
distribution systems
 Effects of Natural Disasters on
Mental health
Anxiety, neuroses and depression at pathological
level are not a major factor between survivors

Most people find strength to recover from disasters

and usually take care of immediate needs

Most cases can be solved with minimum trained

staff, the issue is to identify and refer the serious
cases

Foreign medical teams are usually not the best

equipped or prepared to deal with local/ cultural
sensitive situations
 Management of Cadavers in
Natural Disasters
It is a myth to believe that dead bodies causes a major
risk of diseases

The bodies of victims from natural disasters in non

epidemic areas, do not present a public health risk for
cholera, typhoid, fever or other epidemics

Victims of a disaster , even carriers of transmissible

diseases, are in fact, a far lesser threat to public than
they were while alive
 Management of Cadavers in
Natural Disasters
The consequences of the myth ends in
unacceptable disposal of dead bodies

Families have the right to honor the dead with a

proper identification and burial

Itis crucial that the health authorities and the

media work together to inform the public about
simple identification procedures
MANAGEMENT OF THE
DECEASED
 Health Problems related to
Sudden Floods
May cause much death
but leave relatively few
severe injured
Death from trauma,
hypothermia
Common diarrheal
diseases, respiratory
infections, are usual but
no epidemics
Health Problems related to
Earthquakes
Death toll depends on 3
factors:
- Housing type, time of
day, population
density

Earthquakes dont kill,

bad constructions do
 Health Problems related to
Earthquakes
Childrenand elderly
most vulnerable

Great demand of health

services occurs in the
first 48 hrs

Infected wounds,
respiratory problems in
trapped victims
Health Problems related to
Earthquakes
Displacement
People prefer to
stay close and in
houses of relatives

Health Facilities
Frequently
damaged and
significant losses of
laboratory materials
Health Problems related to
Volcanic Eruptions

Volcanoes, either dormant or

active, coexist with 10% of the
world's population (more than
500 million people), placing a
very high potential risk on the
neighboring communities

Families that are living in

highly-risk areas may have to be
evacuated
Health Problems related to
Volcanic Eruptions
Respiratory and skin problems
Burns
Possible inhalation/ingestion of toxic
agents
Significant impact on:

- Animals
- Agriculture
Health Problems related to
Volcanic Eruptions
Dangerous pyroclastic flows (mixture
of gases, ash and rocks) or mudflows
have actually caused greatest number
of deaths and injuries

Watersamples are required in affected

areas as precautionary measure
against contamination
 Health Problems related to
Typhoons

Contamination of the water

supply due to broken water
mains and open septic tanks

Relatively few deaths and

injuries occur

Loss of power
 Myths and Facts about Natural Disasters
Any kind of international assistance is needed and
needed immediately following a natural disaster!

FACT-- Hasty responses only contribute to chaos;

genuine needs assessment should be conducted
prior to response; many needs are addressed locally
 Myths and Facts about Natural
Disasters
Epidemics and plagues are
inevitable after any natural
disaster

FACT-- epidemics do not

spontaneously occur after
disasters and dead bodies will
not lead to catastrophic
disease outbreaks

Things are back to normal in a

few weeks

FACT-- Disaster effects last a long

time; most money spent on
acute needs, however major
need for assistance start within
months and last for years
 Complex Disasters
Types:

- Civil strife
- Armed Conflict
- Internally Displaced Persons or
Refugees
Generate a distinct set of public health
problems and operational constraints
Major challenge is to combine emergency
and development strategies
 NATURE OF DISASTERS
Disasters may occur to :
ANY WHERE
ANY TIME
ANY ONE

Well prepared is very important

Do something before other people do
something for you
THANK YOU VERY MUCH
THANK YOU