Brunswikian Lens Model

A framework for the study of

emotional communication
 The Lens Model
is used in several fields to study how observers correctly
and incorrectly use objective cues to perceive physical or
social reality
cues

physical or social observer

environment (organism)

cues have a probabilistic (uncertain) relation to the actual objects

a (same) cue can signal several objects in the environment
cues are (often) redundant
 Lens model research
Developed for the study of visual perception
Brunswik (1956)
Immediately applied to judgment analysis (decision making,
medical diagnosis, weather forecast) Hammond (1955)
Rapidly oriented towards interpersonal perception
Interpersonal dispositions
(dominant, extraverted, agreeable ) Gifford (1994)
Intelligence Reynolds & Gifford
(2001)
Rapport Bernieri & Gillis
(2001)
Emotions (but only in music) Juslin (1998)
Some authors introduced modified versions of the lens
Scherer, K. R. (1978). Personality inference from voice quality: The loud
voice of extroversion. European Journal of Social Psychology, 8, 467-487.

Functional validity

Perceptual Inferential
Externalization
representation utilization
Phenomenal
level Distal
Proximal
Trait/state indicator Attribution
percepts
cues

D1 P1
D2 P2
C A

Di Pj

Indicator Perceptual Attributional

Criterion value
values judgments judgments
Operational
Association Representation Utilization
level
coefficients coefficients coefficents

Accuracy coefficient
 Emotional communication
Example: Important issues:
Loud voice - To be measured, cues must be
Vocal cues cues
High pitched identified a priori
Facial cues Frown - Inconsistencies on both sides
Gestures Clenched fists (indiv. diff., broad categories)
Other cues Shaking - Cue utilization could be
different
on the left and the right side
Expressed (e.g. important cues not used)
Emotional
emotion attribution

expressed anger ? perception of

anger?
encoder decoder
 Implications for HMI
If matching is low cues

Expressed Emotional
emotion attribution
relation of the cues to relation of the cues to
the expressed emotion the perceived emotion
Important for Automatic Recog.. matching Important for ECAs

ECA developers should focus on the relation of the cues to the

perceived emotion
Automatic recognition system developers should focus on the
relation of the cues to expressed emotion
( Mind individual differences)
( Mind broad/abstract categories)
 Illustration of results
A brunswikian Lens analysis of emotional
communication
will be shown on Tanjas poster
for vocal expressions (acted emotions)