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Eric G. Paterson
Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
The Pennsylvania State University
Spring 2005
Note to Instructors
These slides were developed1 during the spring semester 2005, as a teaching aid for the
undergraduate Fluid Mechanics course (ME33: Fluid Flow) in the Department of Mechanical
and Nuclear Engineering at Penn State University. This course had two sections, one taught
by myself and one taught by Prof. John Cimbala. While we gave common homework and
exams, we independently developed lecture notes. This was also the first semester that
Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications was used at PSU. My section had 93
students and was held in a classroom with a computer, projector, and blackboard. While
slides have been developed for each chapter of Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and
Applications, I used a combination of blackboard and electronic presentation. In the student
evaluations of my course, there were both positive and negative comments on the use of
electronic presentation. Therefore, these slides should only be integrated into your lectures
with careful consideration of your teaching style and course objectives.
Eric Paterson
Penn State, University Park
August 2005
1
These slides were originally prepared using the LaTeX typesetting system (http://www.tug.org/)
and the beamer class (http://latex-beamer.sourceforge.net/), but were translated to PowerPoint for
wider dissemination by McGraw-Hill.
http://www.ensco.com/products/atmospheric/gem/gem_ovr.htm
ME33 : Fluid Flow 6 Chapter 4: Fluid Kinematics
Example: Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian
Method
A Streakline is the
locus of fluid particles
that have passed
sequentially through a
prescribed point in the
flow.
Easy to generate in
experiments: dye in a
water flow, or smoke
in an airflow.
A Timeline is the
locus of fluid particles
that have passed
sequentially through a
prescribed point in the
flow.
Timelines can be
generated using a
hydrogen bubble wire.
u 1 u v 1 u w
x 2 y x 2 z x
xx xy xz
1 v u v 1 v w
ij yx yy yz 2 z y
zx 2 x y y
zy zz
1 w u 1 w v w
2
x z 2 y z z
The vorticity
r r rvector is defined as the curl of the velocity
vector V
Vorticity is
r equal
r to twice the angular velocity of a fluid
particle. 2
Cartesian coordinates
r w v r u w r v u r
i j k
y z z x x y
Cylindrical coordinates
r 1 u z u r ur u z r ru ur r
er e ez
r z z r r
In regions where = 0, the flow is called irrotational.
Elsewhere, the flow is called rotational.
ur 0, u r K
ur 0, u
r
r 1 ru ur r 1 r 2 r r
ez 0 ez 2ez r 1 ru ur r 1 K r r
r r r r ez 0 ez 0ez
r r r r
Db b r r
Dt t
V g b
dBsys r r
b dV CS bV gndA
dt CV t
Mass Momentum Energy Angular
momentum
r r
B, Extensive properties m mV E H
r r r
b, Intensive properties 1 V e
r V
dBsys r r
CV t
b dV bV gndA
dt CS
dBsys r r
CV t
b dV bVr gndA
dt CS