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Engenharia de Produao II
30.03.17 1
Gas Lift
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Gas Lift
Vamos agora supor que que o poo esteja a produzir 100% 42 API leo
( gradiente 0.354 psi/ft), contra uma presso de 100 psi na cabea.
Novamente, desprezando a perda de carga por frico a presso de
escoamento no fundo do poo deve ser 100 + (0.354)*(5000) = 1870 psi.
Portanto, muito mais fcil fluir 100% leo do que 100% gua saudvel.
Vamos agora supor que o poo esteja a produzir gs juntamente com leo,
isto reduz o gradiente para uma mdia de 0.25 psi/ft a presso de
escoamento no fundo do poo requerida: 100 + 5000 (0.25) = 1350 psi.
Tornando a elevao do fluido muito mais fcil.
Gs mais leve que o leo ou gua, a resultado da mistura das ultimas
substancia com o gs um fluido muito mais leve.
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Gas Lift
Vlvulas de Gs Lift:
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Gas Lift
Pt = Tubing Pressure
Pc = Casing Pressure
Ap = Area of Port
Ab = Area of belows
Pd = Dome Pressure
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Gas Lift
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Gas Lift
O poo morto
O nvel de fluido
no tubing e no
casing est
abaixo da
superfcie e
apenas suficiente
para balanar a
presso do
reservatrio
Tubing e nulos
foram
despressurizados
(presso
atmosfrica)
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Gas Lift
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Gas Lift
O processo continua
A primeira vlvula agora
encontra-se fechada
devido a reduo de
presso naquele ponto.
Todo gs esta a ser
injetado pela vlvula n 2
A descarga continua
atravs das outras
vlvulas abaixo da n 2.
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Gas Lift
O processo continua at
a sua concluso logica
Gs injetado atravs da
vlvula n 4 ( vlvula de
operao) e todas as
outras encontram-se
fechadas.
A vlvula de operao
pode ser apenas um
simples orifcio.
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PETE -332 Gas Lift
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PETE -332 Gas Lift
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PETE -332 Gas Lift
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PETE -332 Gas Lift
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PETE -332 Gas Lift
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PETE -332 Gas Lift
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PETE -332 Gas Lift
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PETE -332 Gas Lift
Design de uma instalao de Gs Lift ( Contnuo) :
EXAMPLE PROBLEM:
Informaao Dada:
Depth= 8000 ft
Taxa desejada = 1000 B/D (100 % oil)
Diametro do tubing 2 I. D.
Pwh = 100 psig
Pr = 2650 psig
ndice de produtividade = 2 (constante)
Rs = 200 scf/B
SP.Gr Gas de injeo = 0.65 (g)
Presso de operao superfcie = 900 psig (P so)
API= 35
BHT = 200 F
FST = 140 F
Poo carregado com um kill fluid de gradiente = 0.40 psi/ft
Pko= 1000 psi (1050 desponvel)
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PETE -332 Gas Lift
SOLUAO:
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PETE -332 Gas Lift
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PETE -332 Gas Lift
From the PI (productivity index) calculate the pressure drawdown necessary to give
the desired production rate:
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PETE -332 Gas Lift
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PETE -332 Gas Lift
Step 7) Mark the kick-off pressure and surface operating pressure at zero
depth and extend downward until intersecting the flowing gradient line,
noting the increase in pressure (gas column weight).
Normally, a static gas column can be assumed, but in some cases the
drop in pressure due to friction must be accounted for.
This is particularly true for annular flow when gas is being injected down a
tubing string.
Even for gas injected down the annulus, the friction should be checked for
extremely high flow rates.
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PETE -332 Gas Lift
TEMPERATURE
CORRECTION:
Temp. Avg.
100F 70 1.6F depth / 100 ft Actual average temperature
200 140
170 F
2 2
100F 70 1.6F 8000 / 100 ft 149 F P chart= 21.5 psi/1000ft (From Figure 3A.1)
2
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PETE -332 Gas Lift
Step 8) From the point of flowing BHP, plot the flowing pressure
traverse below the point of gas injection. This may be calculated in
detail or may be traced directly from flowing gradient curves.
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PETE -332 Gas Lift
Design of Gas Lift Installations
for Continuous Lift:
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PETE -332 Gas Lift
Design of Gas Lift Installations for
Continuous Lift:
Step 8)
In order to extend the flowing gradient for
Rs= 200 scf/B from the point of flowing
bottom hole pressure (2150 psi), upward
until reaching Pso=900 psi,
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PETE -332 Gas Lift
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PETE -332 Gas Lift
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PETE -332 Gas Lift
Design of Gas Lift Installations for
Continuous Lift:
(From
Gas Injection Rate necessary for graph)
increasing Rs from 200 to 600 scf/stb;
(From graph)
(Total G / L Rs ) qL GasVol .
(600 200) (1000) 400,000 scf / day
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PETE -332 Gas Lift
Step 15) Correct the Gas Rate for the temperature at Injection point and find
the correct orifice size (gas lift valve port size) to pass the volume of
gas.
(a) Find the temperature at the operating injection depth. For this case,
assuming a linear temperature gradient the temperature at the point of
gas injection is at 4800 ft;
200 140
140 F
4800 176 F
8000
(b) Correct gas volume of 400,000 scf/D for temperature and specific gravity
by the following equation;
Correction factor 0.0544 T where T R
g