In a class of 40 students, 27 like Calculus and 25

like Chemistry. How many like both Calculus and

Chemistry?

A. 10
B. 11
C. 12
D. 13
Let x = number of students who like both subjects

27 x + x + 25 x = 40
27 + 5 x = 40
x = 12
A club of 40 executives, 33 like to smoke Marlboro
and 20 like to smoke Philip Morris. How many
like both?

A. 10
B. 11
C. 12
D. 13
Let x = number of executive who smoke both
brand of cigarettes

[33 x] + x + [20 x] = 40
33 + - x = 40
x = 13
A survey of 100 persons revealed that 72 of them
had eaten at restaurant P and that 52 of them
had eaten at restaurant Q. Which of the following
could not be the number of persons in the
surveyed group who had eaten at both P and Q?

A. 20
B. 22
C. 24
D. 26
Let x = number of persons who have eaten in
both restaurants
[72 x] + x + [52 x] = 100
72 + 52 x = 100
X = 24
The probability of ECE board examinees from a
certain school to pass the subject Mathematics is
3/7 and for the subject Communications is 5/7. if
none of the examinees fails in both subject and
there are 4 examinees who pass both subjects,
find the number of examinees from that school
who took the examinations.

A. 20
B. 25
C. 30
D. 28
Let x = number of examinees who took the
examination
X=[ ] +4+[ ]
X=
X = 28
In a commercial survey involving 1000 persons in
brand preference, 120 were found to prefer brand
x only, 200 prefer brand y only, 150 prefer brand z
only, 370 prefer either brand x or y but not z, 450
prefer brand y or z but not x and 370 prefer
either brand z or x but not y. How many persons
have no brand preference, satisfied with any of
the three brands?

A. 280
B. 230
C. 180
D. 130
Let x = number of persons who have no brand
preference
1000 = x + 120 + 50 + 200 + 100 + 150 + 100
X = 280
A toothpaste firm claims that in a survey of 54
people, they were using either Colgate, Hapee or
Close-up brand. The following statistics were
found: 6 people used all three brands, 5 used only
Hapee and Close-up, 18 used Hapee or Close-up,
2 used Hapee, 2 used only Hapee and Colgate, 1
used Close-up and Colgate and 20 used only
Colgate. Is the survey worth paying for?

A. Neither yes nor no

B. Yes
C. No
D. Either yes or no
Note:
The survey is not worth paying for. One error is
that according to the said survey, there are 6
people who used all three brands but only 5
people used the brands Hapee and Close-up.
How many four-letter words beginning and
ending with a vowel without any letter repeated
can be formed from the word "personnel"?

A. 40
B. 480
C. 20
D. 312
Given word: PERSONNEL
Number of vowels = [ E and O ]
Number of constants = 5 [P, R, S, N and L ]

2 5 word
Four letter 4 1

Note:
Any of the two vowels can be filled in the first letter.
Any of the five consonants can be filled in the second letter.
Any of the remaining four consonants can be filled in the third letter.
The remaining bowel can be filled in the fourth letter.

Let N = number of words

N = 2(5)(4)(1)
N = 40 ways
Five different mathematics books, 4 different
electronics books and 2 different communications
books are to b placed in a shelf with the books of
the same subject together. Find the number of
ways in which the books can be placed.

A. 292
B. 5760
C. 34560
D. 12870
Math
Elec Comm
Six Patterns
Math Comm Elec
Elec Math Comm
Elec Comm Math
Comm Math Elec
Comm Elec Cath
Number of ways the books in MATH can be arranged = 5!
Number of ways the books in ELEC can be arranged = 4!
Number of ways the books in COMM can be arranged = 2!
Let N = total number of ways
N = [5!] [4!] [2!] [number of patterns]
N = [5!] [4!] [2!] [6]
N = 34,560 ways
The number of ways can 3 nurses and 4
engineers can be seated on a bench with the
nurses seated together is

A.144
B. 258
C. 720
D. 450
 N N N E E E E
E N N N E E E
E E N N N E E
E E E N N N E
E E E E N N N

Five Patterns

Number of ways the 3 nurses can be

arranged = 3!
Number of ways the 4 engineers can be
arranged = 4!
Let: n = total number of ways
n = [3!] [4!] [number of patterns]
n = [3!] [4!] [5]
n = 720 ways
If 25 people won prizes in the state lottery
(assuming that there are no ties), how many ways
can these 15 people win first, second third,
fourth, and fifth prizes?

A. 4,845
B. 116,260
C. 360,360
D. 3,003
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
prize prize prize prize prize
15 14 13 12 11

N = 15 [14] [13] [12] [11]

N = 360,360 ways
How many 4 digit numbers can be formed
without repeating any digit from the following
digits: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6?

A. 120
B. 130
C. 140
D. 150
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
digit digit digit digit

5 4 3 2

N=5x4x3x2

N = 120 ways
How many permutations are there if the letters
PNRCSE are taken six at a time?

A. 1440
B. 480
C. 720
D. 360
N = nPr = n! = 6!

N = 720
In how many ways can 6 distict books be
arranged in a bookshelf?

A. 720
B. 120
C. 360
D. 180
N = nPr = n! = 6!

N = 720 ways
What is the number of permutations of the
letters in the word BANANA?

A. 36
B. 60
C. 52
D. 42
Given word:
BANANA
Number of As
=3
Number of Ns
=2

N=
N = 60 ways
A PSME unit has 10 ME's, 8 PME's and 6 CPM's.
If a committee of 3 members, one from each
group is to be formed, how many such committees
can be formed?

A. 2,024
B. 12,144
C. 480
D. 360
N = 10

N = 480 ways
In how many ways can a PSME Chapter with 15
directors choose a President, a Vice President, a
Secretary, a Treasurer and an Auditor, if no
member can hold more than one position?

A. 360,360
B. 32,760
C. 3,003
D. 3,603,600
Pres VP Sec Trea Aud
s
15 14 13 12 11

N=
N = 360,360
Four different colored flags can be hung in a row
to make coded signal. How many signals can be
made if a signal consists of the display of one or
more flags?

A. 64
B. 66
C. 68
D. 62
N = 2P1 + 4P2 + 4P3 + 4P4
N= + + +

N = 64 signals
In how many ways can 4 boys and 4 girls be
seated alternately in a row of 8 seats?

A. 1152
B. 2304
C. 576
D. 2204
Number of ways the 4 boys can be arranged = 4!
Number of ways the 4 girls can be arranged = 4!
N=
N = 576 ways
There are four balls of four different colors. Two
balls are taken at a time and arranged in a
definite order. For example, if a white and a red
balls are taken, one definite arrangement is
white first, red second, and another arrangement
is red first, white second. How many such
arrangements are possible?

A. 24
B. 6
C. 12
D. 36
N = 4P2 =

N = 12 ways
How many differents ways can 5 boys and 5 girls
form a circle with boys and girls alternate?

A. 28,800
B. 2,880
C. 5,600
D. 14,400
Number of ways the boys can be arranged = (5 -
1)! = 4!
Number of ways the girls can be arranged =
5!
N = (4!)(5!)
N = 2880 ways
There are four balls of different colors. Two balls
at a time are taken and arranged any way. How
many such combinations are possible?

A. 36
B. 3
C. 6
D. 12
N = 4C2 =

N = 6 ways
How many 6-number combinations can be
generated from the numbers from 1 to 42
inclusive, without repetition and with no regards
to the order of the numbers?

A. 850,668
B. 5,245,786
C. 188,848,296
D. 31,474,716
N = 42C6 =

N = 5,245,786 ways
Find the total number of combinations of three
letters, J, R, T taken 1, 2, 3 at a time.

A. 7
B. 8
C. 9
D. 10
N= -1= -1
N = 7 ways
In how many ways can you invite one or more of
your five friends in a party?

A. 15
B. 31
C. 36
D. 25
N= -1= -1

N = 31 ways
In how many ways can a committee of three
consisting of two chemical engineers and one
mechanical engineer can be formed from four
chemical engineers and three mechanical
engineers?

A. 18
B. 64
C. 32
D. None of these
Number of ways of selecting a chemical engineer:

= 4C2 = =6

Number of ways of selecting a mechanical

engineer:

= 3C1 = =3
N = 6 = 18 ways
In Mathematics examination, a student may
select 7 problems from a set of 10 problems. In
how many ways can he make his choice?

A. 120
B. 530
C. 720
D. 320
N = 10C7 =

N = 120 ways
How many committees can be formed by choosing
4 men from an organization of a membership of
15 men?

A. 1390
B. 1240
C. 1435
D. 1365
N = 15C4 =

N = 1,365 committees
A semiconductor company will hire 7 men and 4
women. In how many ways can the company
choose from 9 men and 6 women who qualified for
the position?

A. 680
B. 540
C. 480
D. 840
Number of ways of hiring men:
= 9C7 = = 36

Number of ways of hiring women

= 6C4 = = 15

N = 36(15) = 540 ways

There are 13 teams in a tournament. Each team
is to play with each other only once. What is the
minimun number of dayss can they all play
without any team playing more than one game in
any day?

A. 11
B. 12
C. 13
D. 14
Total number of games
N = 13C2 = = 78

Number of games that can be played per day

N= = 6.5 = 6 games/day

Number of days needed to complete the

tournament:
N= = 13 days
There are five main roads between the cities A
and B, and four between B and C. In how many
ways can a person drive from A to C and return,
going through B on both trips without driving on
the same road twice?

A. 260
B. 240
C. 120
D. 160
 Number of ways to travel from A to B = 5
Number of ways to travel from B to C = 4
Number of ways to travel from C to B without
using the same road to travel from B to C = 4
Number of ways to travel from B to A without
using the same road to travel from A to B = 4
N=5 = 240 ways

There are 50 tickets in a lottery in which there is

a first and second prize. What is the probability
of a man drawing a prize if he owns 5 tickets?

A. 50%
B. 25%
C. 20%
D. 40%
P = probability of winning a prize in the lottery
P= =

P = probability for the man to win

= number of tickets he bought x probability of
winning a prize

P=5
P = 0.20
Roll a pair of dice. What is the probability that
the sum of two numbers is 11?

A. 1/36
B. 1/9
C. 1/18
D. 1/20
 =

1 2 3 4 5
6

3
Total number of trials =
4
36
5

Number of trials with a sum of 11 = 2

P=

P= =
Roll two dice once. What is the probability that
the sum is 7?

A. 1/6
B. 1/8
C. 1/4
D. 1/7
 1 2 3 4 5
6

2
Total number of trials = 36

Number of trials with a sum of 7 = 6

P=

P= =
In a throw of two dice, the probability of
obtaining a total of 10 or 12 is

A. 1/6
B. 1/9
C. 1/12
D. 1/18
 1 2 3 4 5
6

2 Total number of trials = 36

3

Number of trials with a sum of 10 or 12 = 4

P=

P= =
Determine the probability of drawing either a
king or a diamond in a single draw from a pack of
52 playing cards.

A. 2/13
B. 3/13
C. 4/13
D. 1/13
Note: in a pack of 52 playing cards, there are 4
king cards, 13 diamond cards and 1 king and
diamond card at the same time.
= probability of drawing a king
= probability of drawing a diamond
= probability of drawing a king at the
same time diamond
= + -
=

=
A card is drawn from a deck of 52 playing cards.
Find the probability of drawing a king or a red
card.

A. 0.5835
B. 0.5385
C. 0.3585
D. 0.8535
Note: in a pack of 52 playing cards, there are 4
king cards, 26 red cards and 2 king and red card
at the same time.
= probability of drawing a king
= probability of drawing a red card
= probability of drawing a king at the
same time a red card
= + -
=

0.5385
A coin is tossed 3 times. What is the probability
of getting 3 tails up?

A. 1/8
B. 1/16
C. 1/4
D. 7/8
let:
P = probability of getting a head in a single throw
of a fair coin
Q = probability of getting a tail in a single throw
of a fair coin
P = nCr
Where: p = ; q = ; n = 3; r = 3

P = 3C3 = =

P=
The probability of getting at least 2 heads when a
coin is tossed four times is,

A. 11/16
B. 13/16
C. 1/4
D. 3/8
P = nCr
Where: p = ;q= ; n = 4; r = 2

= 4 C2
= =
= 4 C3
= =
= 4 C4
= =
P = =
P =
A fair coin is tossed three times. What is the
probability of getting either 3 heads or 3 tails?

A. 1/8
B. 3/8
C. 1/4
D. 1/2
P = nCr
Where: p = ; q = ; n = 3; r = 3
= 3C3 =
=
= 3C3 =
=
P = =
P=
The probability of getting a credit in an
examination is 1/3. If three students are selected
at random, what is the probability that at least
one of them got a credit?

A. 19/27
B. 8/27
C. 2/3
D. 1/3
Note:
Probability of getting a credit =
Probability of not getting any credit =
Let:
= probability that only one student got a credit
3C1 = =
= probability that exactly two student got a credit
3C2 = =
= probability that all three student got a credit
3C3 =1 =
P = probability that atleast one student got a credit
P=
P=
There are 3 questions in a test. For each question
1 point is awarded for a correct answer and none
for a wrong answer. If the probability that Janine
correctly answers a question in the test is 2/3,
determine the probability that she gets zero in
the test.

A. 8/27
B. 4/9
C. 1/30
D. 1/27
Note:
The only way that she can get a zero is, if all her
3 answer were wrong.
Let:
p = probability of getting a correct answer
p=
q= probability of getting a wrong answer
q=
P = nCr
P = 3C3 = =
In the ECE Board Examinations, the probability
that an examinee will pass each subject is 0.8.
What is the probability that an examinee will
pass at least 2 subjects out of the 3 board
subjects?

A. 70.9%
B. 80.9%
C. 85.9%
D. 89.6%
Notes:
Probability of getting a passing score in each subject is 0.8
Probability of failing in any of the three subjects is 0.2

Let:

= probability of passng exactly two subjects

3C 2

0.384
= probability of passing all three subjects
= 3C2 =
= 0.512
P = probability of passing at least two subjects
P = 0.384 + 0.512
P = 0.896
In a multiply choice test, each question is to be
answered by selecting 1 out of 5 choices, of which
only 1 is right. If there are 10 questions in a test,
what is the probability og getting 6 right of pure
guesswork?

A. 10%
B. 6%
C. 0.44%
D. 0.55%
298.

Let:
p = probability of getting a correct answer
p=
q = probability of getting a wrong answer
q=
p = probability of getting 6 correct answer out from 10
questions

P = 10C6

P=

P = 0.0055
From a box containing 6 red balls, 8 white balls
and 10 blue balls, one ball is drawn at random.
Determine the probability that it is red or white.

A. 1/3
B. 7/12
C. 5/12
D. 1/4
Let:
P = probability of getting a red or white ball from
the box

P=

P=
From a bag containing 4 black balls and 5 white
balls, two balls are drawn one at a time. Find the
probability that both balls are white. Assume
that the first ball is returned before the second
ball is drawn.

A. 25/81
B. 16/81
C. 5/18
D. 40/81
Let:

probability of drawing a white ball in the second draw

Note:
The 1st ball was returned in the bag before the second ball was drawn

P = probability that both balls drawn are all white

P=

P=
A bag contains 3 white and 5 black balls. If two
balls are drawn in succession without
replacement, what is the probability that both
balls are black?

A. 5/16
B. 5/28
C. 5/32
D. 5/14
Let:

= probability of drawing a black ball in the first draw

= probability of drawing a black ball in the second draw

Note:
The 1st ball was not returned in the bag before the 2nd ball was
drawn

P = probability that both ball drawn are all black

P=
P=
An urn contains 4 black balls and 6 white balls.
What is the probability of getting 1 black and 1
white ball in two consecutive draws from the urn?

A. 0.24
B. 0.27
C. 0.53
D. 0.04
Assume the first draw is black and the second draw is white:

Assume the first draw is white and the second draw is black:

Let:
P = probability that one ball is black and the other is white

P=

P = 0.533
From a bag containing 4 black balls and 5 white
balls, two balls are drawn one at a time. Find the
probability that one ball is white and one ball is
black. Assume that the first ball is returned
before the sencond ball is drawn.

A. 16/81
B. 25/81
C. 20/18
D. 40/81
Assume the first draw is black and the second draw is white:

Assume the first draw is white and the second draw is black

Let:
P = probability that one ball is black and the other is white

P=

P=
A group of 3 people enter a theater after the
lights had dimmed. They are shown to the
correnct group of seats by the usher. Each person
holds a number stub. What is the probability that
each is in the correct seat according to the
numbers in seat and stub?

A. 1/6
B. 1/4
C. 1/2
D. 1/8
Probability that A is correct = , assuming he is to sit down first

Probability that B is correct = , assuming he is to sit down

after A

Probability that C is correct = 1 , assuming he is the last to sit

down

Let:
P=

P=
From 20 tickets marked with first 20 numerals,
one is drawn at random. What is the chance that
it will be a multiple of 3 or of 7?

A. 1/2
B. 8/15
C. 3/10
D. 2/5
Numbers from 1 to 20, which is divisible by 3 = 6 numbers
Numbers from 1 to 20, which is divisible by 7 = 2 numbers
Total numbers from 1 to 20, which is divisible by 7 or 3 = 8 numbers
Let:
P = probability that the ticket number is divisible by 3 or 7
P = Total numbers from 1 to 20, which is divisible by 7 or 3 = 8 numbers

Let:
P = probability that the ticket number is divisible by 3 or 7

P=

P=

P=
END.