5

.
.

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.

THM.

.
SI ampere
(A).
1A= 1 C / s

I.

5.1


A.
Q

A t,

Q
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5.1


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A
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n
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nAx

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5.1
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, q.
Q = (nAx)q

x.
vd , :
vd = x / t x = vd t
: Q = (nAvd t)q
, : I = Q/t = nqvd A
vd ,
.

5.1
 (1)

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5.1
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5.1
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5.1


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0.205
cm, 10.0 A, :
2.23 x 104 m/s
.

5.1


J .
.
J I / A = nqvd

.
, J, SI A/m2.
.

5.2


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5.2
 Ohm

Ohm,

.
Ohm.
Ohm J = E.
Ohm .
Ohm.
Ohm .

Ohm .
Ohm , .

5.2
Georg Simon Ohm

17891854

.

Ohm.

5.2


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R
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SI ohm ().
1=1V/A

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5.2


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5.2


(= 2) (= 6) : 26
(= 5) : 105

, 26 x 105 ( 2.6 M).

10% ( = 10%) 2.6 x 105 .

5.2


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=1/

SI ohm-
( . m).
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dr.
:

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5.2
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:
b b
R dR ln
2L
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5.2
 (1)

.
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.
,
.
106 m/s.

5.3
 (2)

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:

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5.3
 (3)

:
r r
F qE

r , :
r
r F qE
a
m me

r:
r r r r r qE
vf= vi + at v = vi + t
me

, .

5.3
 (4)

.

r .
r r qE
vf , v d
me

: J = nqvd = (nq2E/me)
n .

5.3
 ( )

Ohm,
:
nq 2 1 me

me nq 2
, ,
.

Ohm.

5.3


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o To.
, To, 20C.
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1

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5.4


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Tc.
Tc
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Tc,

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5.5
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Tc :

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5.5


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5.5
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5.6
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5.6
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P = I V.
Ohm :
V
2

P I V I2 R
R

: I A, R , V V, P W.

5.6


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