Shannon Baker, Laura Paviglianiti, Tim Stuart

A R TIFIC IA L IN TELLIG EN C E
W hat is Artifi
cial
Intelligence?
 The intelligence of machines and the
branch of computer science that
aims to create it
"the study and design of intelligent
agents
No single goal of artificial intelligence
Some say its putting the human mind
into computers
What is intelligence?
The computational part of the
ability to achieve goals in the world
We do not yet fully understand what
intelligence consists of
 1941:D EV ELO P M EN T O F
TH E ELEC TR O N IC
C Oe M
-S om P Uth
trace TER
e orig in to Joh n
A tan asof fan d C lif f
o rd B erry at Iow a
S tate U n iversity
-R eq u ired larg e, sep arate
air-con d ition ed room s
-R eq u ired sep arate
con f i
g u ration of
th ou san d s of w ires
-D ata fed in to system
B y p u n ch ed card s
 First Com m ercial,Stored
Program Com puter
M ad e job of en terin g a p rog ram easier
A d van cem en ts in com p u ter th eory
com p u ter scien ce
(an d even tu ally
to A I)
In ven tion of a
m ean s of p rocessin g
d ata m akes A I
p ossib le
 D artm outh Conference
John McCarthy (father of AI)
organizes conference
A month of brainstorming in VT
Talent and expertise of others
interested in machine intelligence
Biggest gain:
Field now called
Artificial Intelligence
Lisp Language D eveloped
McCarthy announces new
development: LISP language
Still used today
LISt Processing
language of choice
among AI developers
Start ofD oD s
Advanced Research Projects
MIT receives 2.2 million dollar grant
from US govt. to research Macine-
Aided Cognition (AI)
From Department of Defense
US wants to stay ahead of Soviet
Union
M icrow orld
Program ,SH RD LU Created
SHRDLU part of microworlds project
research & programming in small worlds
When confined to small subject matter,
computer
programs can solve spatial &
logic problems
First Expert System
Predict the probability of a solution
under set conditions
Potential to interpret statistics, formulate
rules
Over course of 10 years, can forecast
stock market, aid doctors in diagnosis,
show miners promising mineral locations
Large applications in market place
Conditional rules & storage of
information
PRO LO G Language
Revealed
General logic programming language
Represented as facts and rules
Developed in France
Remains one of most
possible programming
languages today
AI-Based H ardw are Sells
$425 M illion to Com panies
Expert systems in particular demand
DuPont, General Motors, Boeing rely
heavily on expert systems
Companies develop that specialize in
creating software that aids in
producing expert systems
AIM ilitary System s U sed
Eff
ectively in D ESERT STO RM
Used in missile systems, heads-up-
displays, etc.
AI truly put
to the test
AISystem Beats H um an
Chessm aster
AI goes home
Public interest growing
AI system placed against a
human chessmaster to see
who would win
AI wins shows skills &
abilities
Applications ofAI
Military
Smart bombs
Guided by remote control camera
systems directed to the intended
target
Unmanned drone aircraft
Missiles fly military missions and
launch weapons from a distance
Decoding of enemy secret codes
Rapid translation of foreign language
Applications ofAI
Science
Development of new drugs
Model clinical studies in animals and
humans
Remote controlled surgical procedures
Uses robotics and computer-based
optical systems
Can be performed half-way around the
world
Advanced weather modeling
Doppler Radar
Looks at trends and past models to
 Applications ofAI
Industrial
Machine vision inspection systems
Cameras and computers are placed
on assembly lines to find defects
Robotic systems
Use computer automation and
mechanical equipment
Take place of humans in
manufacturing of cars
Applications ofAI
Business
Macros
Computer mimics the programmer's actions
Advanced financial systems
Quickly analyze trends
Allows for rapid investment decisions
Consumer
Personal computers
Computer applications for Apple & IMB
Voice and character recognition
Entertainment
Games, such as chess, where over 120 million
moves can be recognized
Future ofAI

The future is really unknown

Researchers seem to disagree on a
lot of the same issues
With the rate at which technology is
improving it is logical to believe AI
will continue to get more and more
sophisticated
AIin Video G am es

Over the years AI is getting

exponentially more
sophisticated
Now AIs are able to react with
an intelligence that simulates
the computer as a human
AIs are able to respond to voice
commands
Chess & AI

Theory: if they can create a

computer that can outsmart
humans in this obviously
strategic, thinking-based game,
then it would be a major
milestone on the road to the
intelligent computer
 EthicalQ uestions?
-Will there come a point when computers become too
intelligent?

-Should robots have the same legal rights as humans?

-How would we get around the question of ownership?

-To what extent should we trust (be able to predict the behavior
of) such a species?

-What responsibilities do we owe such robots?

-Would it be wrong to deliberately install mechanisms that gave

humans an immediate physical advantage e.g. an off switch?

-Should we allow a self-governing robot society to co-exist with

ours?
W orks Cited
http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whati
sai/node1.html
http://library.thinkquest.org/2705/history.h
tml
http://www.a-i.com/
http://www.wired.com/magazine/2011/01/sto
ryboard-artificial-intelligence-cars/
Poole, David;Mackworth, Alan;
Goebel, Randy(1998).
Computational Intelligence: A Logical App
roach
. New York: Oxford University Press.ISBN